Introduction To Science The Basics

Science If it cannot be answered it’s NOT science Questions: What is science and what is not? Science is asking questions and performing tests to try to answer those questions If it cannot be answered it’s NOT science SC.912.N.2.3: What is science and what is not SC.912.N.2.2: What types of questions are outside science.

Questions: What is psuedo- science? Why can some fields seem like science? Pseudoscience - fields of study may seem like science because they use scientific information Examples: Astrology and phrenology SC.912.N.2.3 What is the difference between science and pseudoscience

Science involves many skills like Observing Comparing Communicating Relating Applying It is NEVER about guessing or manipulating data It is ALWAYS changing because of discoveries Questions: What type of skills are involved with science? Why does science change? SC.912.2.3 What is science

Many discoveries contribute to society: Questions: How does science contribute to society? Give an example of why society needs all info? Many discoveries contribute to society: In health fields Other fields All information about the discoveries needs to be given to the public so they can make good choices

Summary Section What are two examples of questions that are outside of science but may seem like science? Explain why some fields seem like science – use an example to explain your answer? What is never done in science? Why does science always change? Give an example of why people need all information about a discovery?

Scientific Method Questions: Why is it important to use systematic studies Scientists believe that the universe is based on rules These rules can be discovered with systematic study Scientific method

What are the steps of the scientific method? Questions: What are the steps of the scientific method? What must be considered at each step? Steps include Make observation Ask a question Do research Form a hypothesis Test hypothesis Analyze data and draw conclusions Before publishing – it goes to a peer review SC.912.N.1.1 Be able to use the scientific method SC.912.N.1.4 Identify reliable resources SC.912.N.1.6 How are inferences made from observation

When Doing Experiments Questions: What are the IV, DV, constants and controls and why are they important to determine before starting? Many methods of test a question Parts: Independent variable Dependent variable Control Constants Use quantitative not qualitative data SC.912.N.1.1 Use scientific method

What are some skills that must be included in an experiment and why? Questions: What are some skills that must be included in an experiment and why? Models might be used Data must be consistent, accurate, precise, and detailed Organize data – in graphs and charts Make detailed observations not inferences Draw conclusions using data (inferences are drawn at this point) LA.910.4.2.2 Record info and ideas accurately and coherently noting reliable resources SC.912.N.1.1 Use the scientific method SC.N.1.6 How are inferences made from observations

Summary Section Why do scientists use the scientific method? What are the steps of the scientific method? Why must your resources be reliable and give an example of a good resource? What is the difference between a dependent and independent variable? Why are models used? What does it mean when they say inferences are made from observations?

Taking Measurements Use the metric system MUST Questions: Why is the metric system used? Use the metric system MUST It is universal and based on multiples of 10 SC.912.N.1.1 Use the scientific method LA.910.4.2 Record info accurately and coherently

The Metric System The basic units used in science include: Questions: What are the base unit for each type of measure-ment? When are each unit used? The basic units used in science include: Meters – length Grams – mass Liters – volume Celsius - temperature Use the most appropriate unit Kilo Hecto Deka Base Deci Centi Mill SC.912.N.1.1 Use the scientific method MA.912.S.1.2 Use appropriate constant measurements

Use The Proper Graphs Line graphs Bar graphs Circle graphs Questions: What are the different types of graphs and when are each used? Line graphs Bar graphs Circle graphs SC.912.N.1.1 Use scientific method LA.910.2.2.3 Organize to show relationships of facts and ideas MA.912.S.3.2 Collect, organize and analyze data

Line Graphs – Change over time

Bar Graph

Circle Graphs – Parts to whole

Summary Section Why is the metric system used? What are the base units for each type of measurement? When is each unit in the metric system used? Why is it important to appropriately collect, organize, and analyze the data collected?

Theories Questions: What is a theory? When can it be revised or replaced? A theory might be generated if there are enough tests to explain an observation It can be revised or replaced They will NEVER become laws SC.912.N.3.1 Theory is a culmination of many investigations and based on current knowledge SC.912.N.3.4 Theories cannot become laws SC.912.N.1.5 Example of how similar investigations from different places and backgrounds result in the same results SC.912.N.1.3 The strength of claims depend on thinking and keeping in mind different views

Laws Questions: What is a law? When can it be revised or replaced? Why can’t a theory become a law and vise versa? These state a repeated observation about nature with NO explanations They are based on a consensus of scientists that agree on the stated observations Laws will NEVER become theories SC.912.N.3.4 The difference between a theory and law and why can’t one change to the other SC.912.N.1.5 Example of how similar investigations from different places and backgrounds result in the same results SC.912.N.1.3 The strength of claims depend on thinking and keeping in mind different views

Summary Section What is the difference between a theory and a law? Why can’t a theory become a law and vise versa? Explain how similar investigations in other places can give the same results. Explain why the strength of a claim is based on thinking and incorporating other peoples views.