Technology in Action Alan Evans Kendall Martin Mary Anne Poatsy Tenth Edition Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Technology in Action Chapter 3 Using the Internet: Making the Most of the Web’s Resources Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Chapter Topics The Internet and How It Works Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Web Entertainment Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce Accessing and Moving around the Web Searching the Web Effectively Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2

The Internet and How it Works Internet is a network of networks connecting billions of computers globally Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3

The Internet and How it Works The Origin of the Internet Developed while U.S. was in midst of Cold War with Soviet Union Created to respond to two concerns –Establishing a secure form of military communications –Creating a means by which all computers could communicate Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4

The Internet and How it Works The Origin of the Internet Evolved from Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) –Vinton Cerf –Robert Kahn First communication occurred in 1969 World Wide Web is subset of the Internet –Common protocols enable computers to talk to each other –Special links enable navigation Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5

The Internet and How it Works How the Internet Works Web browser – software that lets you display and interact with text and other media on the web Computer connected to the Internet acts in one of two ways –Client is computer that asks for data –Server receives the request and returns data to the client –Client/server network Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6

The Internet and How it Works How the Internet Works Requests travel along transmission lines –Similar to highway system of roads –Some are faster then others –Internet backbones: Transmission lines with faster speeds Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7

The Internet and How it Works How the Internet Works (cont.) Internet Protocol (IP) address –How computers connected to the Internet identify each other –Websites are assigned unique IP addresses –Text versions of IP addresses are used because IP addresses are hard to remember Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Web 2.0 –Social web –Allows users to collaborate Social media –Google Docs, Facebook, Yelp, YouTube, Pinterest –Blogs, wikis, podcasts, and webcasts Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking Means by which people use the Internet to communicate and share information –Facebook –Twitter Networking in business community –Finding and filling job positions –LinkedIn is business-oriented network –Marketing and communicating with customers Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking (cont.) Privacy concerns –When social networking first became popular there was concern over privacy –Most sites have improved privacy protections, reducing concern but not eliminating it Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking (cont.) Privacy concerns (cont.) –Precautions to consider Keep personal information personal Know who your friends are Do not post information like favorite teacher often used as security question to verify identity Use caution when posting images Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking (cont.) Employers and colleges use social networks to check out potential applicants People have been fired or expelled for using social media in a questionable way Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking (cont.) Questionable content includes –Negative comments about poster’s job, employer, or colleagues –Inappropriate content about the poster Responsibility for your content rests with you Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web is still primary the means of communication on the Internet Written message sent or received over the Internet Asynchronous Convenient s really are not private Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web (cont.) etiquette –Be concise and to the point –Use spell-check –Avoid texting abbreviations –Include meaningful subject line –Include signature line with basic contact or corporate information –Include only people who need to receive it Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web (cont.) Two different types of systems –Web-based client Accessible from any device that can access the Internet Yahoo! Mail, Hotmail, or Gmail – client Accessible only from computer on which client software is installed Microsoft Outlook –Both systems can be used together Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Instant Messaging (IM) Programs to communicate in real time over the Internet –Casual conversations between friends –Businesses use for quick and instant communication –Some provide video chat with webcam Proprietary IM services: AIM, Google Chat, Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Instant Messaging (IM) Facebook chat with “friends” Universal chat services: Trillian, Digsby Web-based universal chat service: Meebo Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Wikis A Wiki is a website that allows users to change content Wikipedia uses wiki technology so content can be updated continually Google Docs has wiki-like features Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Wikis (cont.) Wikipedia is not a good source for research papers –Users might add erroneous content –Tighter controls are being implemented Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Blogs A blog (short for weblog) is a personal log or journal posted on the Web –Single author –Arranged as entries on single page –Most recent entry on top A video log (vlog) is a personal journal that uses video as primary content Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Blogs (cont.) Sites offering free blog hosting –Blogger –Wordpress Blog popularity has created a problem –Splogs Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Podcasts and Webcasts A podcast is a series of audio or video files distributed over the Internet –Files that come to you through syndication –Podcasts are available on a wide variety of topics and content Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Podcasts and Webcasts (cont.) Really Simple Syndication (RSS) – podcasts use RSS to deliver content Aggregator – locates all the subscribed RSS series and downloads new content Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Podcasts and Webcasts (cont.) A webcast is the broadcast of audio or video content over the Internet –Live or one-time events –Continuously feeds audio and video content –Facilitates viewing and downloading of large audio and video files. –Can be interactive, inviting audience response Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26

Web Entertainment Web entertainment includes –Streaming audio and video –Internet radio –MP3s –Interactive gaming –Smart TV Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27

Web Entertainment (cont.) Multimedia is anything that involves one or more forms of media in addition to text –Graphics –Audio files –Video files Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28

Web Entertainment (cont.) Streaming audio: Continuously feeds an audio file to your browser Streaming video: Continuously feeds a video file to your browser Do not have to wait to download entire file Netflix and video on demand from your cable provider Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29

Web Entertainment (cont.) Plug-in (or player): Special program often needed to view or hear some multimedia files Many plug-ins are preinstalled Can download the plug-in free of charge Update your plug-ins frequently Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30

Web Entertainment (cont.) Cache: Temporary storage place To keep system running efficiently –Delete temporary Internet cache regularly –Click Refresh or F5 key to ensure most recent website content is displayed –Clear your Internet cache manually Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31

Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce E-commerce or electronic commerce is the process of conducting business online –Business-to-consumer (B2C) Purchases consumers make at online stores –Business-to-business (B2B) Businesses buying and selling to other businesses –Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Consumers selling to each other eBay, Freecycle, Craigslist Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32

Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce Social commerce - e-commerce subset using social networks to assist in marketing and purchasing products. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33

Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce E-Commerce Safeguards Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34 Businesses must have some form of security certification to give customers a level of comfort Look for visual indicators a website is secure: URL changes from “ to “ – with the “s” standing for secure socket layer Shop at well-known, reputable sites

Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce E-Commerce Safeguards Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35 Pay by credit card Check the return policy Avoid public computers for online transactions

Accessing and Moving around the Web Web Browsers Web browser is software installed on your computer that allows you to locate, view, and navigate the web Graphical browsers display –Text –Pictures –Sound –Video Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36

Accessing and Moving around the Web Web Browsers (cont.) Web browser features –Tabbed browsing –Pinned tabs –Tear-off tabs –Thumbnail previews –Tab isolation Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37

Accessing and Moving around the Web Web Browsers (cont.) Web browser features (cont.) –Combined search and address bar –SmartScreen filter –Privacy browsing –Add-ons –Session restore Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38

Accessing and Moving around the Web URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names Every web site has a unique address –Uniform Resource Locator (URL) URLs have several parts that help identify the web document –The protocol –The domain name –The path or subdirectory Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39

Accessing and Moving around the Web URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont.) HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol –Web server – computer that hosts the website –The most common protocol –Part of Internet protocol suite File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Part of Internet Protocol suite BitTorrent – protocol used to transfer files using a peer-to-peer networking system Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40

Accessing and Moving around the Web URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont.) Domain name identifies the site’s host Top-level domain: The suffix after the dot Each country has own top-level domain –Further divisions can be made for regions or states Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41

Accessing and Moving around the Web URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont.) When URL is domain name: Requesting site’s home page File or path: Information after forward slash following domain name Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42

Accessing and Moving around the Web Hyperlinks and Beyond Hyperlink is specially coded element Clicking on hyperlink lets you jump to another location –Breadcrumb trail –Back and Forward buttons –Recently visited sites –History list Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43

Accessing and Moving around the Web Hyperlinks and Beyond (cont.) Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 44

Accessing and Moving around the Web Favorites, Live Bookmarks, and Tagging Favorites feature place marker of site’s URL on list on browser’s toolbar –Favorites (Internet Explorer and Safari) –Bookmarks (Firefox and Google Chrome) Live bookmark feature (Firefox) –Provides up-to-date information using RSS Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 45

Accessing and Moving around the Web Favorites, Live Bookmarks, and Tagging (cont.) Social bookmarking or tagging –Store, organize, and manage bookmarks –Keyword or term assigned to web page, digital image, or video –Delicious, Digg, and Reddit Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 46

Dig Deeper Discovering the Semantic Web Semantic web (Web 3.0): Evolving extension of the web –Data is defined to be easily processed by computers Beginning to emerge in technologies such as Siri Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 47

Searching the Web Effectively Narrow down the vast quantity of web information by using –Search engine: A set of programs that searches the web for keywords (specific works you wish to look for or query) –Subject directory: A structured outline of websites organized by topics –Metasearch engine: Searches other search engines rather than individual websites Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 48

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively Search engines have three components –Spider constantly collects data on the web –Indexer program organizes the data into large database –Search engine software searches indexed data, pulling out relevant information Resulting list appears in your web browser as list of hits Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 49

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.) Search engines use unique formulas to formulate searches and create results Search engines also differ in which sites they search Search engines also let you search for images and audio and video files Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 50

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.) Boolean operators - words such as AND, NOT, and OR that describe the relationships between the keywords in a search Initially were used to refine searches Today advanced search pages are available Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 51

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.) Additional strategies for refining searches with key phrases –Place quotation marks around keywords to search for exact phrase –Search within a specific site –Use a wild card Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 52

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.) Other specialty search strategies and services –“More” hyperlink in Google –“Even More” option in Google Scholar Custom Search Product Search Alerts Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 53

Searching the Web Effectively Evaluating Websites Before using an Internet resource, consider –Authority –Bias –Relevance –Audience –Links These factors will help decide if a website is a good source of information Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 54

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 1.What is the origin of the Internet? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 55

2. How does data travel on the Internet? Chapter 3 Summary Questions Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 56

3.How can I communicate and collaborate with others using Web 2.0 technologies? Chapter 3 Summary Questions Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 57

4. How can I communicate with others using and instant messaging? Chapter 3 Summary Questions Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 58

5. What multimedia files are found on the web, and what software is needed to access those files? Chapter 3 Summary Questions Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 59

6. What is e-commerce, and what online safeguards are available? Chapter 3 Summary Questions Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 60

7. What is a web browser, and what are a URL and its parts? Chapter 3 Summary Questions Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 61

8. How can I use hyperlinks and other tools to get around the web? Chapter 3 Summary Questions Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 62

9. How do I search the Internet effectively, and how can I evaluate websites? Chapter 3 Summary Questions Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 63

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall