The Jews in Nazi Germany Here, kids, I have some sweets for you. But you both have to come with me. Lesson 1 LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

Starter – 10 minutes: Complete the word search consumable G U T W S E I L A R N P M Q Y H B K O D C V F X Z J GESTAP0 CONCENTRATION CAMP SHOT INFORMER ARREST VIOLENCE SPIES NEWSPAPERS BOOKS FILMS IMAGES RADIO RALLIES Starter – 10 minutes: Complete the word search consumable Copy the table opposite in the back of your books. Put the words into the right column in the table below – Some words may fit into more than one column Propaganda Manipulation Terror

What did Hitler think of the Jews? “The Jews inhabited Hitler’s mind. He believed that they were the source of all evil, misfortune and tragedy. They were devils whom he had been given a divine mission to destroy…” Lucy Dawidowicz, 1975. LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

What did Hitler think of the Jews? "If I am ever really in power, the destruction of the Jews will be my first and most important job. As soon as I have power, I shall have gallows after gallows erected. Then the Jews will be hanged one after another, and they will stay hanging until they stink. As soon as they are untied, then the next group will follow and that will continue until the last Jew is exterminated”. Hitler, 1922

Why did Hitler hate the Jews? Hitler hated the Jews. He considered them communists and war profiteers who had ‘stabbed Germany in the back’ at the end of World War I. Where did these ideas come from? Became very poor and so attracted to communism, which scared the wealthy Politically – denied basic rights in many Christian countries. Jews were historically blamed for killing Christ, so they were: or As a result, they either: Became very rich by setting themselves up as moneylenders (a profession closed to Christians) so they were hated by the poor. This is designed to highlight the fact that anti-Semitism is a self-fulfilling prophecy. Economically – excluded from professions.

What did Hitler think of the Jews? LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

Nazi anti-Jewish policies 1933–39 As soon as he came to power, Hitler began a systematic state-led attack on the German Jews. In 1933 he organized a boycott of Jewish businesses. SA members barred entry to Jewish shops. Jews were made to use separate seats on buses and trains, and were banned from public places like parks and cafes. Jews were excluded from many professions. Jewish civil servants and teachers were sacked and Jews were not allowed to edit newspapers or study law. Jews could not join the Chamber of Culture or the German Labour Front, further removing them from public life.

Jews Forced To Carry Anti-Jewish Signs Jewish businessmen are forced to march in central Leipzig, carrying signs that read, "Don't buy from Jews. Shop in German businesses!"

Enforcing the German Boycott During the April 1933 boycott, two SA members guard the entrance to a Jewish-owned leather-goods shop. The sign reads "No respectable German shops here!"

SA troops distribute boycott pamphlets to German pedestrians SA troops distribute boycott pamphlets to German pedestrians. The sign held by one of them reads: "Attention Germans. These Jews (Five and Dime Stores) are the parasites and gravediggers of German craftsmen. They pay starvation wages to German workers. The chief owner is the Jew, Nathan Schmidt." LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

"Germans Defend Yourselves - Do not buy from Jews!" SA members force a Jewish shop owner to wear a boycott sign around his neck and have his picture taken in front of his store,     The sign reads: "Germans Defend Yourselves - Do not buy from Jews!" LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

A Jewish lawyer carrying self-Insulting sign "I will not complain to the police again."

1935: Jewish students are made fun of by their class 1935: Jewish students are made fun of by their class. The writing on the blackboard says, "The Jew is our greatest enemy! Beware of the Jew!". LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

A young boy is forced to paint "Jew" on the wall of his father's store. LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

Humiliation of Jews in Vienna (March 1938) Jews are forced to scrub the pavements LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

"You Jewish pig may your hands rot off!" Shortly after the German invasion of Austria, Nazi Storm Troopers stand guard outside a Jewish-owned business. Graffiti painted on the window states: "You Jewish pig may your hands rot off!"

Humiliation was a part of the psychological warfare that Nazis used against Jews. One Jew is forced to cut the beard of another under German supervision as the local population watches with delight.

A German soldier tutors two Jewish men on how to give the Nazi salute correctly. Jews of Minsk Mazowiecki, Poland, forced to ride on each other to "compete" in running in the Market Square.

Nazi anti-Jewish policies 1933–39 Lesson 2 This cartoon is from a German school book aimed at younger children. STARTER: In the back of your books list 5 things you can infer from this propaganda poster. LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

The woman in this cartoon is very Aryan looking – blond, blue eyed. The man in the suit is a Jew. He is fat, ugly with a hooked nose – racial stereotypes The woman is looking away as if her natural inclination is not to be tempted by the Jew and his money. The little girl looking worried could be the woman’s daughter – is the cartoon warning children to beware of immoral Jews who might steal their mothers away? Jews were often portrayed as sexual perverts, cannibals etc This cartoon was aimed at children

The Nuremberg laws 1935 LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

Kristallnacht – the Night of Broken Glass In November 1938, a high-ranking Nazi was shot by a Jewish man in Paris. Hitler used this as an excuse to organize a week of violence against the German Jews. On 10 November, Himmler and the SS led attacks on Jewish businesses. 10,000 shops were looted and 200 synagogues burnt down. 91 Jews were killed during the seven-day campaign of terror, and 20,000 were arrested and sent to concentration camps. To add insult to injury, Hitler then fined the Jewish community a billion marks to pay for the damage caused. LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s

The Jewish Exodus PLENARY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCj9RJU2Y1Y&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGNyc_LlJhs&feature=related PLENARY What happened in November 1938 which led to increased persecution of Jews in Germany? In your own words describe the events known as Kristallnacht How did Hitler ‘add insult to injury’? Many Jews left Germany during this period. When do you think most Jews would have left, and why? Many Jews nevertheless chose to stay. Why do you think that this was? Jewish emigration: When the Nazis came to power in 1933, there was a wave of Jewish emigration which lasted for several years. The rate of Jews leaving the country then stabilized at a lower level. This was partly due to a period of political stability in Germany, and partly due to the increasing reluctance of other countries to accept Jewish refugees. Emigration increased dramatically in the wake of Kristallnacht in 1938. LO: To understand and explain racial persecution of the Jews in the 1930s