Seaports in the transport chain The Danish Perspective Jakob Svane, Danish Ports UNECE Transport Committee 2 June 2010 Geneva

Ports and hinterland infrastructure -In any network, the nodes are just as important as the corridors – if not more -Ports and corridors have not been thought together on infrastructural or on statistical level (international, EU, national) -Dawning realization on both levels: -Ports and terminals are essential

Analyzing ports -With the huge growth in global trade, ports and their role in the transport chain have moved into the centre of transport debate - Subject to analysis from growing number of academics, the European Commission, UNECE, and others - Hinterland connections a crucial topic - Port volumes are well measured, but what happens afterwards og before? - Impossible to separate debate on hinterland connections from modal split and port related traffic

Big European container ports – modal split

Modal split & port related traffic - Big ports measure modal split - small & medium sized ports don’t - National Statistical Bureaus or Eurostat don’t either - How to measure port related traffic on national level? - How to make a genuine national modal split analysis? - Danish Ports has tried

The Danish Ports -More than 125 commercial ports -No port above 15 mio. tonnes/year -Aarhus largest container port ( TEU) -NB for Hamburg -No big ports in international comparison – only medium-sized. Ca. 30 significant -True network of ports -Less economies of scale, but more flexibility

The Danish market -Total port turnover / year – ca. 100 million tonnes, TEU, 45 million passengers, 1 million tonnes of fish -75 % of Danish external trade volumes -85 % short sea shipping - 15 % deep sea -Container is feeder only (with one exception) -One of the most developed – and relatively large - ferry and ro-ro markets in the world

The Danish Case - No inland waterways, but Intra-Danish shipping is equivalent - National shipping carries ca. 20 % of tonnekilometres in national transport - an increase from 13 % in Rail 1 % - road the remaining ca. 80 % - Policy aim of modal shift - Investments in direct hinterland infrastructure

Hinterland connections to Danish ports - Analysis in National Infrastructure Commission - recommendation for hinterland upgrades - Political decision based on concrete demand – traffic, congestion or port development plans - Direct hinterland connections to 16 ports decided or planned – public spending ca. 750 mln. € - More ports to come - Work on an improved national traffic model, incl. freight traffic model

Three different questionnaires - Data from 2005 (COWI) - 17 major ports, 60 % of volumes - focus on hinterland infrastructure - Data from 2007 (Bøgetorp) - 21 major ports, 70 % of volumes - focus on markets (tonnes) and traffic - only figures for road and rail - Data from 2009 (Danish Ports, ongoing ) - 24 major and minor ports, 45 % of volumes - specific focus on modal split - will repeat in 2011

New analysis by Danish Ports YearRoad %Rail %Sea % ,51, ,81,2NA The close results strengthens validity - However, it is an incomplete modal split… - Three data-sets comparable - Figures are not exact, only approximate, ”best guess”

The full picture ProcessedRoadRailSeaPipeline %7,055,50,77,729,1 ”According to Eurostat (…) the previous or next mode of transport for intermodal units” is ”missing on a coordinated basis.” (P.29 in ”Hinterland connections of Seaports”) - But why only focus on intermodal units? Modal split of total volumes, Danish ports, 2009

UNECE report on hinterland connections of seaports – remarks - Overall a very valuable input - Focuses on intermodal transport – but there’s more to the transport system than that - Huge difference between container and ro-ro/ferry hinterland traffic – should be better recognized - Distinguishes between short sea shipping and coastal shipping – what is the difference?

Port hinterland connections – a tricky issue -Various degrees of capacity, traffic and congestion -Various solutions & level of difficulty - Remove administrative bottlenecks - Simple upgrades and/or links - Larger projects (tunnels, bridges, highways) - Move the port - Interport connections (short sea shipping)

”TODAY”

”TOMORROW”

Measuring hinterland connection performance should... - Focus on capacity, traffic and congestion, not on port size or turnover - Include all transport modes (incl. sea, pipelines etc.) and types (not only containers) - Take Inter-port connections and environmental aspects into consideration - Not introduce unnecessary bureaucracy

Thank you