TOPIC: pH Do Now: Identify as acid, base, salt, or covalent Electrolyte or Not 1. NaCl 6. CaI2 2. C2H5OH 7. HF 3. H2SO4 8. Mg(OH)2 4. NaOH 9. NH3 5. C12H22O11 10.CH3COOH 1. SALT - ELECTROLYTE 6. SALT - ELECTROLYTE 2. COVALENT -NO 7. ACID- WEAK ELECTROLYTE 8. BASE- ELECTROLYTE 3. ACID- ELECTROLYTE 9. BASE- WEAK ELECTROLYTE 4. BASE- ELECTROLYTE 5. COVALENT -NO 10. ACID- WEAK ELECTROLYTE

pH scale P= power of H = Hydorgen Ranges from 0-14 measures H+ concentration [H+] the more H+, the more acidic the solution

Acid, Base, or Neutral Neutral solution: pH = 7 Acidic solution: pH LESS THEN 7 Basic solution: pH GREATER THEN 7

Every Acidic/Basic solution contains H+ and OH- For acids For bases when [H+] = [OH-] the substance is neutral so we can actually measure pH and pOH pH + pOH =14 H+1 > OH-1 OH-1 > H+1

Logarithmic scale (based on powers of 10) each decrease of one unit of pH represents a 10x increase in H+ concentration Ex: pH 4 is ten times more acidic then pH 5 Ex: pH 10 is ten times more basic then pH 9 Try to remember: The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of H+ ions

Lets Practice When the pH of an aqueous solution is changed from 1 to 2, the Hydrogen ion concentration Decreases by a factor of 2 Decreases by a factor of 10 Increases by a factor of 2 Increases by a factor of 10 A solution with a pH of 2.0 has a hydronium ion concentration ten times greater than a solution with a pH of 1.0 b) 0.20 c) 3.0 d) 20 Which change in pH represents a hundredfold increase in the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution pH 1 to pH 2 pH 1 to pH 3 pH 2 to pH 1 pH 3 to pH 1

We are going to learn an easier way! Calculating pH pH=-log [H+] [H+] = concentration Ex. 0.01M HCl has a pH of? This means you have .01 moles of H+ and .01 moles of Cl- per every 1 L pH = -log(0.01) pH=2 We are going to learn an easier way!

Because it’s based on powers of 10 there is a trick 10-x where x = pH If molarity of acid is .001M =10-3 pH = 3 If molarity of acid is .00001M = 10-5 pH = 5

pH of a base Now you are looking at OH- ions instead of H+ ONLY CAN CALC pOH pOH=-log [OH-] or our trick 10-x where x = pOH pH + pOH = 14 So 14 – pOH = pH Ex. 0.01M NaOH has a pH of? This means you have .01 moles of OH- and .01 moles of Na+ per every 1 L pOH=2 pH = 14-2 = 12

Because it’s based on powers of 10 there is a trick If molarity of base is .001M = 10-3 pOH = 3 pH 14-3 = 11 If molarity of base is .00001M = 10-5 pOH = 5 pH 14-5 = 9

If pH = 4 [H+1] = ? pOH = ? [OH-1] = ? 1 x 10-4 M 1x10-10 M = [OH-1] pH + pOH = 14 4 + X = 14 X =10 1x10-10 M = [OH-1]

If the [OH-1] = 1 X 10-3 M pOH = ? pH = ? [H+1] = ? pOH = 3 pH + pOH = 14 X + 3 = 14 X = 11 1x10-11 M

The pH = ? The pOH = ? The [OH-] = ? =5 pH + pOH =14 5+x =14 X=9 If the [H+1] = 1 x 10-5 M The pH = ? The pOH = ? The [OH-] = ? =5 pH + pOH =14 5+x =14 X=9 1x10-9M

Calc pH for 10-2 = 2 so pH = 2 10-2 = 2 so pOH = 2 14-2 – 12 pH=12 .01M HCl .01M NaOH 10-2 = 2 so pH = 2 10-2 = 2 so pOH = 2 14-2 – 12 pH=12