Cell Theory & Cell Organelles

1. Cell Theory A.All living things are made of cells. B.Cells are the basic unit of structure & function. C.Cells come from pre-existing cells. A.All living things are made of cells. B.Cells are the basic unit of structure & function. C.Cells come from pre-existing cells.

Scientists Who Formed the Cell Theory A.Robert Hooke: Observed cork and coined the word “cell”. B.Anton von Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope. C.Matthias Schleiden: “all plants are made of cells.” D.Theodor Schwann: “all animals are made of cells.” E.Rudolf Virchow: “cells come from pre-existing cells.” F.Robert Brown: Discovered the nucleus. A.Robert Hooke: Observed cork and coined the word “cell”. B.Anton von Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope. C.Matthias Schleiden: “all plants are made of cells.” D.Theodor Schwann: “all animals are made of cells.” E.Rudolf Virchow: “cells come from pre-existing cells.” F.Robert Brown: Discovered the nucleus.

2. Cell Size A. Small cells function more efficiently than large cells. B. If a cell’s surface to volume ratio is too low, substances can not easily enter or leave the cell. Smallest cell – mycoplasmalargest – ostrich egg yolk

3. Two Types of Cells 1.Prokaryotic- small, simple. Only bacteria cells. 2.Eukaryotic- large, complex. All cells except bacteria (includes animals, plants, fungi, protists)

4. Comparing & Contrasting Cell Types Prokaryotes vs.________ A.Single Cellular B.Lack a nucleus C.No membrane bound-organelles D.Single Chromosomes E.No Cytoplasmic Streaming F.Simple Flagella G. Can live in a broad range of environments H.Contain Cell wall I.Lack internal Support Eukaryotes A.Single/Multi-Cellular B.Nucleus C.Membrane bound organelles D.Chromosome pairs E.Cytoplasmic streaming F.Complex flagella G.Cannot live in broad range A.May or may not contain cell walls B.Contain Cytoskeleton for internal support Similarities: Nuclear Material (DNA/RNA) Have a Cell Membrane Have Cytoplasm Have Ribosomes

Cell Organelles

5. Eukaryotic Organelles Organelle: tiny, specialized structure that carries out 1 or more specific functions. Cell Membrane: PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER-maintains homeostasis & protects the cell. Cell Wall: Protective outermost layer. Plants and Fungi ONLY!! Cytoplasm (Cytosol): fills up the space between nucleus and plasma membrane. “this is the goop of the cell.”. Cytoskeleton – Network of protein filaments that support and aid in movement Organelle: tiny, specialized structure that carries out 1 or more specific functions. Cell Membrane: PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER-maintains homeostasis & protects the cell. Cell Wall: Protective outermost layer. Plants and Fungi ONLY!! Cytoplasm (Cytosol): fills up the space between nucleus and plasma membrane. “this is the goop of the cell.”. Cytoskeleton – Network of protein filaments that support and aid in movement

Nucleus: “brain” of the cell. (genetic control, regulates growth, metabolism & reproduction) Nucleolus: makes ribosomes. Nuclear Envelope (membrane): protects the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Chromosomes/chromatin: contain heredity info. Nuclear Pores- openings in the nucleus Nucleus: “brain” of the cell. (genetic control, regulates growth, metabolism & reproduction) Nucleolus: makes ribosomes. Nuclear Envelope (membrane): protects the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Chromosomes/chromatin: contain heredity info. Nuclear Pores- openings in the nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): make & transport proteins & lipids Rough- has ribosomes attached, makes proteins. Smooth- no ribosomes, makes lipids Golgi Apparatus: packages and ships proteins. Vessicles- small sacs that hold/transport substances Lysosome: recycles/digests wastes; disinfects cell. Vacuole: stores food and water (larger in plants.). Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): make & transport proteins & lipids Rough- has ribosomes attached, makes proteins. Smooth- no ribosomes, makes lipids Golgi Apparatus: packages and ships proteins. Vessicles- small sacs that hold/transport substances Lysosome: recycles/digests wastes; disinfects cell. Vacuole: stores food and water (larger in plants.).

Chloroplasts: turns sunlight into free energy in PLANTS ONLY! photosynthesis -contains a green pigment (chlorophyll) Mitochondria: “power house” of the cell. Turns food into free energy. Centrioles: aid cellular reproduction in ANIMALS Flagella: whip-like tail used for movement. Cilia: short hairs used for movement. Chloroplasts: turns sunlight into free energy in PLANTS ONLY! photosynthesis -contains a green pigment (chlorophyll) Mitochondria: “power house” of the cell. Turns food into free energy. Centrioles: aid cellular reproduction in ANIMALS Flagella: whip-like tail used for movement. Cilia: short hairs used for movement.

6. Plant Cell vs Animal Cell Plant vs Animal Cells Squarish ShapeRound or various shapes Have ChloroplastsNo chloroplasts Contain Cell WallsNo Cell wall Large VacuoleSmall Vacuole Have PlastidsNo Plastids Have LysosomeHave Lysosome

7. Cell Specialization A. The design and shape of a cell is determined by its function and the conditions under which it works. B. Unicellular organisms tend to have fairly complex cells, which makes sense considering that these organisms must depend on only one cell to do everything. C. Multicellular organisms exhibit much greater specialization. hill.com/sites/dl/free/ / / html