11th Edition Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development Identifying the factors that determine the success of a tourism destination Relate tourism planning to tourism policy Discover what the goals of tourism development should be Recognize that some serious barriers to tourism development must be overcome if a desired growth is to occur Learn the political and economic aspects of development including those related to developing countries Appreciate the importance of architectural design and concern for heritage preservation, local handicrafts, and use of indigenous materials in creating tourist facilities Learning Objectives

11th Edition Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development The Ritchie/Crouch Model of

11th Edition Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development Relating Tourism Planning to Tourism Policy SIMILARITIES 1.They both deal with the future development of a tourism destination or region; 2. They both emphasize the strategic dimensions of managerial action–although planning must also address a number of tactical concerns. DIFFERENCES 1.Policy formulation is definitely very “big picture” while much of planning is characterized by an attention to detail; 2.Policy formulation is a creative, intellectual process, while planning is generally a more constrained exercise; 3.Policy, and particularly its visioning component, has a very long-term strategic emphasis, while planning tends to be more restrictive in its time horizon. A one-year planning cycle is not uncommon, although 3-5 year plans are a possibility. In contrast, destination visions may have a 5, 10, 50, or even a 100 year time horizon; 4.Policy formulation must allow for as yet unseen circumstances and technologies to be considered. In contrast, planning tends to assume current conditions and technologies, with some allowances for predictable, or evolutionary change; 5.Policy formulation tends to emphasize a systematic determination of “WHAT” should be done in long-term tourism development, while planning tends to emphasize the “HOW” for the achievement of specific destination goals.

11th Edition Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development Some Advantages of Tourism Provide employment opportunities Generates foreign exchange Increases incomes Increases GNP Development of tourism infrastructure helps to stimulate local commerce and industry Justifies environmental protection and improvement Increase governmental revenues Diversifies the economy Creates a favorable worldwide image for the destination Facilitates the process of modernization Provides tourist and recreation al facilities for the local population Provides foreigners and opportunity to be favorable impressed by little-known nation or regions

11th Edition Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development Some Disadvantages of Tourism 1.Develops excess demand 2.Creates leakages so great that economic benefits do not accrue 3.Diverts funds from more promising forms of economic development 4.Creates social problems from income differences, social differences, introduction of prostitution, gambling, crime, and so on 5.Degrades the natural physical environment 6.Degrades the cultural environment 7.Poses the difficulties of seasonality 8.Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes 9.Adds to inflation of land values and the price of local goods and services

11th Edition Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development The Planning Process 1.Define the system and formulate objectives 2.Gather data 3.Analyze and interpret 4.Create the preliminary plan 5.Approve the plan 6.Create the final plan 7.Implement the plan

11th Edition Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development An Overview of the Tourism Planning Process STAGE 1 Define the System In doing so, ensure that the definitions for the policy formulation and destination planning are consistent STAGE 2 Gather Necessary Data Again, much of the data used for policy formulation may be helpful for the planning process However, additional and much more detailed data will be required for the planning process STAGE 3 Analyze & Interpret Data In doing so, it is useful to relate data to the specific facilities, events, activities, and programs that impact on the factors that determine/infl uence destination success STAGE 4 Create Preliminary Plan The plan should start to make clear the detailed nature of the facilities, events, activities, and programs that will deliver the unique high quality destination experience that will enhance the competitiveness of the destination within strategic market segments STAGE 5 Approve the Plan It is critical to ensure that where approval is required no relevant stakeholders are overlooked STAGE 6 Create the Final Plan At this stage, the level of detail becomes increasingly rigorous and directly related to the specific geography, legislation, financing, and timing of the “real world” STAGE 7 Implement the Plan This stage allocates responsibility for development actions to specific individuals and organizations, defines the exact timing of these actions, and establishes contingencies for unexpected occurrences. This stage also monitors, follows up, and evaluates

11th Edition Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development Goals of Tourism Development 1.Provide a framework for raising the living standard of the people through the economic benefits of tourism 2.Develop an infrastructure and provide recreation facilities for visitors and residents alike 3.Ensure development within visitor center and resorts is appropriate to those areas 4.Establish a development program consistent with the cultural, social, and economic philosophy of the government and people of that region 5.Optimize visitor satisfaction © John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2009