Accelerator Physics  Basic Formalism  Linear Accelerators  Circular Accelerators  Magnets  Beam Optics  Our Accelerator Greg LeBlanc Lead Accelerator Physicist Australian Synchrotron Project

Basic Formalism  Only works on charged particles  Electric Fields for Acceleration  Magnetic Fields for Steering  Magnetic fields act perpendicular to the direction of motion.  For a relativistic particle, the force from a 1 Tessla magnetic field corresponds to an Electric field of 300 MV/m Lorentz Force

Basic Formalism  Rest Energy:  Relativistic Parameter:  Velocity:  Relativistic Mass   Energy in eV: (Electron rest mass 9.1* kg gives a rest energy of 511 keV) Energy

Basic Formalism  Particles Relativistic when  1

Linear Accelerators  Particles Accelerated in Straight Line  Electrostatic or RF Fields  Planar Wave  Static Case  Lorentz Force  Energy Gain

Linear Accelerators  Electron Gun  Van de Graaff generator (~20MV) Electrostatic Accelerators

Linear Accelerators  Wideroe Long for low frequency Losses  Alvarez Higher frequency Higher voltages RF Accelerators

Linear Accelerators  Travelling Wave  Standing Wave

The length of the ith drift tube is where is the velocity of the particles in the ith drift tube and is the rf period. Australian Synchrotron Example: Electrons at the speed of light (a valid approximation above 5 MeV) in a 3 GHz linac Synchronicity in a LINAC

Circular Accelerators  Circular Motion in a Magnetic Field Centripetal Force Lorentz Force B, r or T constant

Circular Accelerators  Cyclotron Constant B Non-relativistic

Circular Accelerators  Microtron Synchronicity for  =integer  E e =n x 511 keV  E p =n x 938 MeV  Race Track Microtron

Circular Accelerators  Synchrotron Constant r and T Magnets ‘Ramped’ Storage Ring

Magnets Dipoles for Steering  Magnetic Field

Magnets  Gradient Quadrupoles for Focusing

Magnets  Sextupoles Chromatic effects  Octupoles Correcting Magnetic Errors

Beam Optics  Curvilinear System  Motion Relative Ideal Path Coordinate System x y S  y x  ideal path individual particle trajectory

Beam Optics  Particle motion determined by magnetic lattice  Studied using simulation software

Beam Optics  Machine Functions Beam Motion Beam Size Beam Emittance

Beam Optics  Response Matrix Probe the Machine with the Beam Calibrate Models

Our Accelerator