Getting started…Let’s Understand Where We’re Going Ch. 6: ROME – From Republic… [509 – 44 B.C.] Republic – a type of government where power rests with the citizens who are allowed to vote for their leader, usually an elected President, not a monarch / king. …to Empire ! [43 B.C. – 476 A.D.] Empire – when several territories, regions, peoples are placed under a single, sovereign authority creating one huge “country”. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. See Timeline in Textbook, p or on front of your CH 6 packet.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.139; Packet p. 15 Rome Mediterranean Sea Tiber R. Greece Carthage. AFRICA Alps Mts. GAUL SPAIN Black Sea EGYPT Alexandria. BRITAIN

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p B.C. Rome is founded, according to legend 1. How did geography affect the development of Rome? It’s strategic location on the sea and fertile soil on the Tiber River. The legend of Romulus and Remus, twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess, were raised by a she-wolf. Textbook, p. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Textbook, p. 141 “Beginnings of Rome” Three Groups on the Italian peninsula: Etruscans - were native to northern Italy. They were skilled metalworkers and engineers. The Etruscans strongly influenced the development of Roman civilization. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p B.C. Rome is founded, according to legend 1. How did geography affect the development of Rome? It’s strategic location on the sea and fertile soil on the Tiber River. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. Did Latin evolve from old Etruscan writing? Left: Bronze tablets from 6 century B.C. showing Etruscan writing bear striking similarity to Latin letters

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3 PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. Invention of Concrete! A Keystone! And The Arch! Led the Romans to become Master Builders! Roman military legions crossing a bridge in Spain – one of many Roman bridges that still stand today in Europe. Legion – Roman military units. A Keystone is the “secret” to an Arch-way.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3 PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. Right: A Roman Bath house. Left: The Pantheon - Temple to “all the gods” The Pantheon -Temple to“all the gods,” built by Emperor Hadrian in 118 A.D. It had the largest dome in the world until The Pantheon became a Christian Church in 609. Rome, Italy.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3 Besides the Etruscans, the Romans also borrowed religious ideas from the Greeks.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.142; Packet p B.C. Rome is founded, according to legend 1. How did geography affect the development of Rome? It’s strategic location on the sea and fertile soil on the Tiber River. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. 509 B.C. Roman aristocrats overthrow monarchy and establish a republic. 3. Which were the main groups that competed for power in the early Roman republic? Patricians (the upper class) and the Plebians (ordinary people) Republic – a type of government where power rests with the citizens who are allowed to vote for their leader, usually an elected President, not a monarch / king.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.142; Packet p. 3 PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. 509 B.C. Roman aristocrats overthrow monarchy and establish a republic. 3. Which were the main groups that competed for power in the early Roman republic? Patricians (the upper class) and the Plebians (ordinary people) Patricians lived well in Rome, and usually had several slaves.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.142; Packet p. 3 PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. 509 B.C. Roman aristocrats overthrow monarchy and establish a republic. 3. Which were the main groups that competed for power in the early Roman republic? Patricians (the upper class) and the Plebians (ordinary people) 451 B.C. Officials begin writing the Twelve Tables “Twelve Tables” -the earliest law code, drawn from religious and secular custom. It was published on tablets of bronze or wood and placed in the Roman forum – the marketplace, or main public center of any Roman town. 4. What is the significance of the Twelve Tables in Roman law? Became basis for all future Roman laws and established the principle that all citizens had a right to protection under the law ! In Rome, Italy today one can tour the ruins of the old Roman Forum.

See Models of Roman Forum, See pic in textbook, p. 142

The Roman Republic Packet, p. 3; Part B JUDICIAL tribunes – Judges chosen from and for the plebians, their offices were established to protect the plebeians from arbitrary actions of patrician senators. EXECUTIVE 2 consuls – two leaders! [hoping to prevent all-power residing in one single man] presided over the Senate, brought forward legislation (law proposals), served as generals in military campaigns, represented Rome in foreign affairs. LEGISLATIVE Senate – representative body of appointed men who were the law-makers and principle decision-makers. Dictator – in times of emergency / crisis, all power given to this one individual, and then, only for 6 months ! One of Rome’s many great legacies adopted later in the legal principles and government found in the United States today is shown here. What is it? THE REPUBLIC of the United States of America JUDICIAL The Supreme Court, as well as state, and local justices. EXECUTIVE The President LEGISLATIVE the U.S. Congress (Senate and the House of Representatives) ________________________________

The Roman Senate in session. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p. ; Packet p B.C. – Gauls sack Rome. 5. How did Rome regain control of Italy after getting attacked by the Gauls? Rome rebuilt the city, conquered all rivals, and began empire-building with a lenient policy toward people it conquered. More on the Roman legionaires… PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

As Rome’s expansion begins… one Rival stands in her way… PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

The First Punic War, BC, grew immediately out of a quarrel between the cities of Messana (now Messina) and Syracuse both on the island of Sicily. One faction of the Messanians called on Carthage for help and another faction called on Rome. The Strait of Messana, which separates the Italian Peninsula from Sicily, was of extreme strategic importance, and both powers responded. The Punic army arrived in Sicily first, arranged a peace between Messana and Syracuse, and established a garrison. Upon its arrival, the Roman army ejected the Carthaginians from the garrison, and thus the war began. Roman legions occupied E. Sicily and took Palermo (254) but were effectively blocked farther west by the brilliant guerrilla warfare of Hamilcar Barca, and they failed to take Lilybaeum, the chief Punic base. The Romans equipped a new fleet that destroyed the Punic fleet in 241 B.C. off the Aegates (now Aegadian Isles), and Carthage sued for peace. In the First Punic War….. ROME WINS! Gets Sicily ! The terms were payment ($)and the cession of Punic Sicily to Rome. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Carthage. Rome Mediterranean Sea Alps Mts. SPAIN AFRICA CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p. ; Packet p B.C. Rome and Carthage go to war, and Punic Wars begin. 1 st War: Rome gains Sicily 6. What were the causes of the Punic Wars? Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for control of trade in the Mediterranean region. Sicily 218 B.C. Second Punic War begins. 7. What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal?

The famous Carthaginian General HANNIBAL’S Crossing of the Alps

Carthage. Rome Mediterranean Sea Alps Mts. SPAIN AFRICA CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p. ; Packet p B.C. Rome and Carthage go to war, and Punic Wars begin. 1 st War: Rome gains Sicily 6. What were the causes of the Punic Wars? Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for control of trade in the Mediterranean region. Sicily 218 B.C. Second Punic War begins. 7.What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal? By attacking Carthage directly, he forced Hannibal to end his terrorizing of Italy, and return home to defend Carthage. 2nd War: Rome gains Spain

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p. ; Packet p B.C. Rome and Carthage go to war, and Punic Wars begin. 1 st War: Rome gains Sicily 6. What were the causes of the Punic Wars? Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for control of trade in the Mediterranean region. 218 B.C. Second Punic War begins. 202 B.C. Romans defeat Hannibal’s army. 7.What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal? By attacking Carthage directly, he forced Hannibal to end his terrorizing of Italy, and return home to defend Carthage. 2nd War: Rome gains Spain 149 B.C. Third Punic War begins. 8. What was the significance of the Punic Wars for Rome? 3rd War: Rome brutally ends Carthage. N. Africa becomes a Roman province. Rome’s expansion now gave it domination over all the Mediterranean Sea region. "Carthago delenda est!” (Carthage must be destroyed.) Cato the Elder, Roman Senator PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.