Measuring Fatigue of Soldiers in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks Prepared by: Shah Faisal Iqbal

Outline Motivation What is Fatigue??? Proposed protocol Placement of nodes Scenarios Energy analysis Radio model parameters Transmission model Simulations and results Comparison table conclusion

Motivation Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (WBASNs) consist of on-body and in-body sensors on human body for monitoring health. In WBASNs protocols are concerned with energy efficiency. Specific mobility scenarios are not considered in previous protocols.

What is fatigue??? Fatigue, physical or mental, is a subjective feeling of tiredness. Physical fatigue is the inability of muscles to maintain optimal physical performance. Fatigue is caused by loaded work, depression, boredom, mental stress, lack of sleep, etc.

Proposed protocol For improvement of security, we must know the physical status of soldiers. An important factor in physical status of soldier is fatigue. If we know state of fatigue in soldier then we can send backup to them. We propose a protocol for measuring fatigue of soldier.

Placement of nodes Four sensors are attached on body of soldiers Temperature sensor Blood glucose level sensor Heartbeat sensor Base station

Cont… Temperature sensor is placed on finger tip to measure temperature. Blood glucose level sensor is also positioned on finger tip to measure glucose level in blood. We assume that sensor takes blood samples periodically and checks glucose level in blood. Heartbeat sensor is placed on heart to measure heartbeat. BS is placed on wrist of soldier, all the above three sensors send their data to BS.

Cont… Placement of nodes on soldiers body.

Scenarios We take three scenarios for measuring fatigue of soldier. Walking (3.0 miles per hour) Slow running (5.0 miles per hour) Fast running (7.0 miles per hour) In all the three scenarios, sensors sense the heartbeat, glucose level and temperature and send their data to BS.

Cont… For state of fatigue we use harris benedict formula. i.e. 𝐴= 13.75∗𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑘𝑔 𝐵= 5.003∗ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑚 𝐶=(6.775∗age(years)) 𝐵𝑀𝑅=66.5+𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 BMR is the amount of energy required to maintain metabolic rate of body. If soldier’s condition meets this level then this is called as state of fatigue.

Energy analysis Where: Etx= transmission energy Erx=Reception energy Energy consumption model used in paper is summarized in the following equations. Where: Etx= transmission energy Erx=Reception energy

Cont… ERXelec=Energy dissipated by radio to run circuitry for receiver ETXelec=Energy dissipated by radio to run the circuitry for transmitter Eamp =Amplification energy n=Path loss exponent K=Number of transmitted bits

Radio model parameters Following are the parameters of radio model

Transmission of data Figure shows sending of data from nodes to BS(server)

Simulation and results We used MATLAB for simulation. Our goals in conducting simulation are, Measuring fatigue of soldier while walking, running slowly and running very fast. Extension of sensor lifetime.

Life of sensor From figure we can see that lifetime of sensors is more in walking scenario, because of less activities and sensor does not send data more often.

Throughput Throughput of running scenario is higher then walking and slow running scenario because heartbeat increases faster and sensor has to send data.

Fatigue For measuring fatigue, we set a threshold by harris benedict formula. 1500 (joules) is set to be threshold in our simulations. Figure in next slide shows the fatigue of soldier.

Cont… When soldier is walking state of fatigue comes later compared with slow and fast running scenarios because of soldiers activity.

Sensor’s residual energy In fast running scenario sensors drain off their energy quickly than walking and slow running scenario, as they are busy in getting data from soldiers body.

Comparison table Comparison table of lifetime and throughput for three scenarios.

Table Table shows the fatigue of soldier in rounds. When soldier is walking his state of fatigue in the 10182th round.

conclusion Routing protocol for measuring fatigue of soldier. Performs better in terms of sensor lifetime and throughput.

Thank you Any Question ???