Early Explorers and Mission Settlements Chapters 4 and 5, Texas History

First Steps in a New Land Columbus established a colony in the West Indies on his second voyage to the Americas

New Spain The Aztecs first welcomed Hernan Cortes because they thought he was the god, Quetzalcoatl.

Hernan Cortes Cortes invaded the Aztec empire, overthrew the capital of Tenochtitlan and killed their emperor

Conquistadors in Texas de Pineda was the 1st European to explore the Texas coast

Conquistadors in Texas Cabeza de Vaca shipwrecked near present-day Galveston. He survived by adopting the ways of the Karankawas.

Explorers in Texas Viceroy heard about cities of gold and sent Fray Marcos to look for the land of Cibola.

Explorers in Texas The Spanish explorers discovered that Cibola was actually a Zuni Village.

Conquistadors in Texas A Native American, called the Turk, told Coronado about Quivera. He searched for the fabled city and killed the Turk when no treasure was found.

Conquistadors in Texas Spain lacked interest in Texas because the conquistadors found no treasure like they had found in Mexico City.

France Challenges Spanish Claims La Salle was the first European to navigate the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.

France Challenges Spanish Claims La Salle landed in Texas at Matagorda Bay while searching for the Mississippi River on his 2nd voyage.

France Challenges Spanish Claims La Salle named the inland region drained by the Mississippi “Louisiana” after the French king, Louis XIV.

France Challenges Spanish Claims La Salle was the leader of the French outpost in Texas.

France Challenges Spanish Claims In response to La Salle’s activities, the Spanish shifted their focus to East Texas.

France Challenges Spanish Claims When the Spanish officials learned of La Salle’s fort in Texas, they sent Alonzo de Leon and his troops to destroy it.

France Challenges Spanish Claims Alonso de Leon was sent to destroy La Salle’s fort, but found it deserted.

Missions Are Built The 1st Spanish settlement in an area was often a mission.

Spanish Settle Texas The first permanent Spanish settlement in Texas was Corpus Christi de la Ysleta, near present-day El Paso.

Missions Are Built Antonio Margil de Jesus established the San Jose’ y San Miguel de Aguayo Mission.

Missions Are Built Damian Massanet , a Catholic church official, established the Tejas Mission.

Missions Are Built Drought and disease caused the Tejas Mission to be abandoned by the Spanish. Missions failed to Christianize the Plains people due to lack of people and supplies.

Missions Are Built Friar Francisco Hidalgo requested permission to reopen the Tejas Mission.

Missions Are Built Some Native Americans chose to live in missions because food was plentiful, they learned different trades and were taught to speak Spanish.

France Threatens Again Unlike the Spanish explorers, the French were not interested in converting Native Americans to Christianity.

France Threatens Again France wanted to trade with the Native Americans. Louis de St. Denis was sent to negotiate with Spanish officials on the Rio Grande.

Spanish Settle Texas Spanish responded by establishing settlements in East Texas. Presidios were built to protect the missions from attacks by Native Americans or French.

Spanish Soldiers Help Soldiers settled in Texas with their families. Soldiers would maintain control of Native Americans, protect nearby settlements and scout the area for intruders.

War between Spain and France War broke out when French soldiers seized a mission in East Texas. Spanish viceroy ordered Marques de Aguayo to retake East Texas.

War between Spain and France Aguayo established Los Adaes near French territory. Los Adaes became the unofficial capital of Texas. Aguayo also founded La Bahia, near present-day Goliad.

War between Spain and France The small stream, Arroyo Hondo, ran between Los Adaes and Natchitoches in French territory. The Arroyo Hondo became the boundary between the two territories.

Spanish Cities in Texas San Antonio, Goliad, Los Adaes and Nacogdoches were the most important settlements. By 1772, San Antonio was the largest.

San Antonio is Founded The mission at San Antonio was called San Antonio de Valero. The mission chapel is now known as the Alamo.

Escandon founds Towns Jose’ de Escandon founded over 20 missions and towns both North and South of the Rio Grande. He is known as the Father of the lower Rio Grande Valley.

Spanish Texas People of mixed Spanish and Native American blood are called mestizos. Tejanos are people of Mexican heritage that call Texas their home.

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