Transcription

Figure 13-1 2

Table 13-1 Table 13-1 3

Structure of RNA polymerases Figure 13-2 Prokaryotic Eukaryotic 4

Transcription phases Figure 13-3 5

Sigma 70 promoters Transcription start site Figure 13-5 6

Frequency of nucleotides in various sigma 70 promoters Box 13-1-1 7

Table 13-1 Table 13-1 8

Promoter binding by the bacterial RNA polymerase requires a sigma subunit Bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme Figure 13-4 Sigma subunit 9

Binding of sigma 70 to promoter elements Figure 13-6 10

Carboxy terminal domain Non- template domain Figure 13-7 11

Transcription phases Figure 13-3 12

Sigma 70 promotes melting of DNA by flipping two bases out of the double helix Figure 13-8 13

The open complex and its channels Figure 13-9 14

Models for abortive transcription Figure 13-10 ©2006 AAAS http://www.sciencemag.org/content/314/5802/1144.abstract 15

The elongation process Figure 13-11 16

by proteins GreA and GreB Cleavage is promoted by proteins GreA and GreB Figure 12.13 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

The rho protein is required for rho-dependent termination of transcription in bacteria Figure 13-12 18

Figure 12.7 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Rho-independent transcription termination requires a sequence of dyad symmetry followed by 8 A/T bp Figure 13-13 20

Disruption of the ternary DNA-RNA-RNA polymerase complex by a termination stem-loop structure Figure 13-14 21

Table 13-1 Table 13-1 22

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters are complex Figure 13-15 23

Table 13-2 Table 13-2 24

Initiation of transcription at RNA polymerase II promoters Figure 13-16 25

The TATA-binding protein bends the DNA Figure 13-17 26

TBP recruits TFIIB to the promoter Figure 13-18 27

The preinitiation complex interacts with activators and chromatin modeling factors via a mediator complex Figure 13-19 28

Mediator complexes consist of many subunits that probably interact with different activators Figure 13-20 29

Phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain tail is required for promoter escape of RNA polymerase II Figure 13-21 30

Elongation factors increase the processivity of RNA polymerases Figure 13-22 31

FACT disassembles and assembles nucleosomes during transcription Figure 13-23 32

RNA processing proteins are attached to the CTD tail of RNA polymerase II Figure 13-21 33

Addition of a 5’ cap occurs after promoter escape Figure 13-24 34

RNA processing proteins are attached to the CTD tail of RNA polymerase II Figure 13-21 35

Termination of transcription is linked to polyadenylation of transcripts Figure 13-25 36

Two models for termination of transcription in eukaryotes Figure 13-26 37

Table 11.3 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Elements in RNA polymerase I promoters (RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA genes) Figure 13-27 39

Elements in RNA polymerase III promoters Figure 13-28 40