Do Now Share everything you know about Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution. (this can be bullet points or sentences)

 What will you be researching? ◦ Entomology – The study of insects ◦ Ichthyology – The study of fish ◦ Herpetology – The study of reptiles and amphibians ◦ Ornithology – The study of birds ◦ Mammology – the study of mammals ◦ Ethology – The study of animal behavior  You will be assigned a topic to research. We will have at least two work days in class for this paper.

 Humans have been working with animals and nature for a very long time. ◦ Goats were domesticated around 10,500 years ago ◦ Dogs were domesticated around  Humans have “thought” about nature and wrote about it since early Greek civilizations ◦ Aristotle created a classification system for all life, and had a basic understanding of evolution  True scientific hypothesis on animal diversity and evolution began in the 1800’s

 Jean Baptiste de Lamarck ( ) ◦ Transformational Evolution, or Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics – As animals survive they meet demands of their environment and adapt. These adaptations they develop in life are passed on to their offspring ◦ Lamarck’s view cognitively made sense, but when tested did not work.

 Lamarck believed that parent’s could pass on trait’s that they acquired in life. ◦ For example:  Giraffe’s used to have short necks, but because they had to stretch their necks further and further to reach high up leaves, their offspring naturally developed an adaptation for longer necks. ◦ If this was true, then theoretically if you never used your left hand, there would be a chance your offspring would be born without a left hand, or at the least with a smaller left hand.

 Charles Lyell ( ) ◦ Uniformitarianism – Lyell was a geologist; his theory stated that: Past geological events occurred by processes that can be observed today  Hills wear down because of erosion  Mountains develop or change during earthquakes ◦ Lyell’s theories strongly influenced Darwin because Lyell’s theory said the earth must be millions of years old  Before this common belief was that the earth was created around 4004 B.C., as determined by the church

 Why do you think Charles Lyell’s theories on geological process were so important for Darwin to have read before his voyage to the Galapagos?

 People had ideas about evolution long before Darwin  And Darwin was not alone…Alfred Russell Wallace developed a similar theory at the same time.  So why does Darwin matter? ◦ He created a theory and an idea that was scientifically testable  Darwin’s theory consists of 5 components that are each theories on their own.

1. Perpetual Change 2. Common Descent 3. Multiplication of Species 4. Gradualism 5. Natural Selection - You will be moving to different stations to read and take notes on each of the theories.

 Summarize the theory- write a 1 sentence description of what the theory states  Explain/give examples – share how this theory promotes evolution *These are individual notes, so make sure they are on the left hand sheet.

 2 of the 5 theories are still debated today in regards to their impact on evolution. There is not argument that evolution occurs; the argument is how.  Which of the two do you and your partner think are being debated? And give justification as to why.

 Gradualism and Natural Selection ◦ Current Evolutionary Scientists agree that both of these things do occur, but they do not believe that they do not have the level of impact on evolution that Darwin first proposed.

◦ Stephen Jay Gould ( ) - Paleontologist from Queens, New York. He looked at ideas of embryonic development. ◦ Punctuated Equilibrium – Evolution happens in fits and starts. Most species exist in a stable state for long periods of time, and then you will see an explosion of change for a short period of time.  His evidence? We rarely see/find each step in the evolution of a species we tend to see big jumps in development. (Within the fossil record)

 1. What is the study of ichthyology?  2. Name Darwin’s five evolutionary theories and give a definition for one.  3. Who influenced Darwin with his theory of Universalism?  4. Do you agree more with Darwin’s theory of Gradualism or Gould’s theory of Punctuated Equilibrium and why?