Languages of Computing Alan Blackwell CU Computer Laboratory.

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Presentation transcript:

Languages of Computing Alan Blackwell CU Computer Laboratory

Part 1 Languages for storing data

Binary digits (bits) = 1 = 0

Bits =

Bytes

Encoding text = “A” = “l” = “a” = “n” = “ ” = “B” etc …

RAM chip

RAM chip (kilobytes (kb) = 1000’s of bytes)

RAM circuit board (c.a. 1980)

Magnetic drum storage

Magnetic tape storage

IBM mainframe

Cassette tape

Apple II

BBC Micro

5.25 inch floppy disk (200 kb)

IBM PC

3.5 inch floppy disk

Floppy disk drive 1.4 megabytes= 1.4 million bytes = 1,400,000 bytes = 1,400 kilobytes

Hard disk drive

Hard disk drive (gigabytes)

400 gigabytes= 400 billion bytes = 400,000,000,000 bytes = 400,000,000 kilobytes = 400,000 megabytes

External hard drive (terabytes)

1 terabyte= 1 trillion bytes = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes = 1,000,000,000 kilobytes = 1,000,000 megabytes = 1,000 gigabytes

CD-ROM (megabytes)

DVD-ROM (4 gigabytes)

Flash card

SIM card (kilobytes)

USB flash drive (8 gigabytes)

Geek speak checklist bit, byte, RAM kilobyte(kB)= 1,000 bytes megabyte(MB)= 1,000,000 bytes gigabyte(GB)= 1,000,000,000 bytes terabyte(TB)= 1,000,000,000,000 bytes ASCII

Part 2 Types of data language

Plain text

Numbers 0 = = = = … 254 = =

Numbers

Encoding colour (= 200 Red) (= 100 Green) (= 200 Blue)

Picture elements (pixels) 900 pixels (30 x 30)

Compression 36,000 pixels (180 x 200) JPEG level 12 (high quality) File size: 40 kB 36,000 pixels (180 x 200) JPEG level 0 (low quality) File size: 14 kB

Resolution A 10 kPixel camera (100 x 100 greyscale)

Encoding sound 0 | 0 | 237 | 10 | 56 | 235 | 12 | 3 | 45 | ….WAV[e] file or (compressed) MP3

Encoding programs = MOV AX,0x0082E984H or, “get the data at memory address ” (in the particular language of Intel microprocessors)

Central Processor Unit Once millions of instructions per second (MIPS) Now, billions of clock ticks per second (GigaHertz, GHz)

Geek speak checklist plain text resolution compression GIF, JPEG, MP3, WAV, MPEG ARM GigaHertz

Part 3 Collecting and presenting data

Input: Keyboard

Input: Sound card

Input: Flatbed scanner 1000 dpi (dots per inch)

Input: Digital camera 4000 x 3000 = 12 Megapixels

Input: Digital video camera 640 x 480 pixels (VGA)

Input: Webcam 352 x 288 pixels (VGA)

Output: Monitor 1024 x 768 pixels (XGA)

Output: Printer 800 dpi (dots per inch)

Output: Powered speakers

Output: Data projector (“beamer”) 800 x 600 pixels (SVGA)

Geek speak checklist VGA, SVGA, XGA DPI

Part 4 Internal communication

Motherboard

Expansion RAM (SIMM)

Part 5 External communication

VGA connector

HDMI connector

DVI connector

VGA/DVI Adapter (“Dongle”)

RJ-11 connectors Don’t confuse Ethernet and Phone!

USB connector No confusion possible – all peripherals are interchangeable!

Practical exercises Homework Research into file sizes Market research (Currys, Staples) Specify your own computer