Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 CMI Project Review: Natural Ventilation, Solar Heating and Integrated low-energy Building Design Feb1,2003- July 31, 2003 Cambridge PI, Andrew Woods, BP Institute MIT PI, Leon Glicksman, Architecture and Mechanical Engineering

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Natural Ventilation, Solar Heating and Integrated low-energy Building Design Brief Description of Project: Draw together experts involved in architectural design, building engineering, natural ventilation processes, from Cambridge, MIT and BP. Carry out parallel fundamental research, building monitoring and joint design projects, Build up the foundations of this key emerging discipline in building design.

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Summary of Intended Outcomes: Develop designs and technologies to: Reduce energy costs of maintaining a comfortable environment with buildings through use of, natural ventilation processes, solar power and improved building materials; Improve air quality within buildings, to mitigate against sick building syndrome; Improve emergency building ventilation in case of discharge of hazardous gases or fires. Communicate these technologies to the architectural and building engineering communities

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Progress In Past Six Months Important activities, collaborations: There has been continuous collaboration between MIT (Architecture, EECS, Mechanical Engineering) and CU (Martin Centre, BPI) working on joint projects in UK and US. Exchange of students, staff for short periods, multiple joint meetings in UK, US: at least 6 per year. Joint participation in presenting short courses, conference workshops for industry professionals and academics from other universities.

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Progress (Cont.) CU and MIT have maintained close cooperation with industry on monitoring of advanced buildings, design, analysis and planning of innovative facilities. Ongoing meeting with BP Global Property Management and Services in UK and US on major new BP sites. –Aberdeen Headquarters –Naperville, Il advanced laboratory

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Progress (Cont) Monitoring of naturally ventilated office building in Luton UK Development of analytical and numerical solutions for natural ventilation flows and energy interaction in buildings has continued. Work has continued on a web based design tool for architects, engineers and planners

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Professional Courses offered by CMI on Natural Ventilation, Sustainable Buildings Cambridge U 2001 for architects, engineers, developers UC San Diego 2001 for architects, engineers, developers MIT 2002 for architects, engineers, developers Cambridge U 2003 for graduate students MIT 2003 for architects, engineers, developers Edinburgh 2003 CIBSE/ASHRAE for architects, engineers, developers

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 CMI work with BP on Sustainable Buildings Aberdeen UK headquarters design Sunbury UK monitoring Bath UK general meeting Naperville Illinois monitoring and survey Naperville Illinois advanced laboratory design

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Sustainable Building Materials Reduce the environmental impacts associated with structural materials for building. Interdisciplinary approach: combining materials technology and regulatory policy. Assess data on life cycle impacts of the most common structural materials: steel and concrete. Evaluate the potential of breakthrough materials technologies like eco-cement, which could drastically reduce the CO2 emissions associated with Portland Cement

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Load Monitoring In a parallel project, MIT is developing a set of power monitors that can discern and track individual electrical loads from a central location within a building, thereby reducing the cost to obtain valuable information about energy usage and operating faults. As part of the CMI project, MIT is working with researchers at Cambridge to extend this technology. Make the load monitor as easy to install as possible for small buildings and for temporary load-monitoring programs

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Milestones achieved: Several professional courses have been presented on natural ventilation and sustainable building design for architects, engineers and planners in the UK and US. A day long workshop session has been presented at the CIBSE/ASHRAE international conference in Edinburgh. A Beta version of the web based design tool is available This includes energy savings and comfort indices for naturally ventilated buildings.

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Natural Ventilation Air Flow in Buildings Influenced By: Wind Velocity and Direction Building Exterior Geometry Building Interior Geometry Temperature Difference – Inside/Outside Buoyancy

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Level of Understanding 1.Overall Air Flow through Space: Treat Building as a Whole Simple Model for Individual Rooms, Zones Use Simple Computation Tools and Experimental Models Yields: Overall Energy Balance Approximate Flow Rate

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Detailed Flow Understanding Within Room Apply Laws of Physics Conservation of Mass Momentum Balance Conservation of Energy Solve for Temperature, Velocity, Pollutant Distribution

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Experimental Validation is Crucial Full scale or properly scaled models Operate over range of conditions expected Measure overall flow behavior Measure detailed distribution: –Temperature –Velocity –Concentration of pollutants

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Example: BP Sunbury Design with Natural Ventilation

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Summer Natural Ventilation

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Natural Ventilated Building, Aldwyck Housing-Luton England

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Luton Building Interior

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Air temperature distribution of CFD simulation result

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Airflow pattern compared between simulation and visualization Visualized air flow direction

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Comparison of CU scale models with water with MIT CFD predictions Buoyancy influence on turbulence The flow patterns of CFD simulation at 3mm grid size and different C3 values (a, b) and experimental flow (c)

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Luton Air Model-MIT 10 th Scale Model of Luton Building Airflow Measurements compare to building Airflow Visualization techniques

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003

Mechanical Pure natural Hybrid ventilation

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Mechanical Pure natural Hybrid ventilation

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Deliverables completed:

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Plans For Next Six Months Expected activities, collaborations : –Continuation of full scale monitoring –Continuation of analytical and numerical research on natural ventilation –Planning short courses in UK and US –Continue web based design advisor

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Expected milestones : Q1 (1 Aug Oct 2003) –Presentation of a one day session at the CIBSE/ASHRAE International Conference Preliminary full scale monitoring of naturally ventilated commercial building in Luton UK. Q2 (1 Nov Jan 2004) –Construction and preliminary testing of scale model of Luton building. –Preparation of 2 or 3 papers for 2004 Room Vent conference based on monitoring and CFD results for the Luton building –Meeting with BP on advanced laboratory and office facilities plans.

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Milestones (Cont) Q3 (1 Feb Apr 2004) Validation of analytical and CFD models based on the full scale results at Luton. Q4 (1 May July 2004) –Presentation of a short course on natural ventilation at CU, MIT or alternate location.

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Other Items Developments worth publicizing: –Workshop –Courses –Web based design tool –Participation in China Development Forum, Development Research Center of the Chinese State Council Modifications to statement of work and/or funding: Expected financial profile: –Approximately on budget Anything else:

Six-month Review – Natural Ventilation, P004,082, Feb_July 2003 Challenges And/or Issues To Address Problem/Concern: Plan for resolution: How CMI can help: