Pesticide Application Equipment Page 78 General Manual

To Enhance Safety and Benefits and to Get the Most From Any Sprayer: Select the right equipment. Set it up correctly. Use proper operation procedures. Perform proper maintenance.

Reference Materials The pesticide label Spray equipment BLM and Extension guidelines

All Sprayers Should Be: Durable Convenient to fill Convenient to operate Easy to clean

Three Basic Functions of a Sprayer: Distribution & Metering Determine the volume or weight that application equipment will apply to a known area under a given set of conditions. Storage and transport CALIBRATION

Types of Spray Equipment Hand sprayer Knapsack (LOK) Battery powered

Low pressure hydraulic High pressure ULV Chemigation or injection

Tanks Fiberglass Stainless steel Galvanized steel Aluminum Polyethylene

Lock Opening Large Openings Strainer For Filling Agitation Device Large Drain

Agitation

12 GPM for Boom 50 GPM for agitation 62 GPM total pump requirement Agitation Requirement 5% of tank volume (5 gallons for each 100 gallons) 1000 gallon tank Pump - 50 GPM just for agitation 12 GPM for Boom 50 GPM for agitation 62 GPM total pump requirement

Strainers Tank opening In-line (40-50 mesh) Basket Strainer (16-80 mesh) In-line (40-50 mesh) Nozzle screen (50 - 100 mesh)

Pumps Must Provide Gallons per minute (GPM) required by all nozzles Tank agitation (5 - 6 % of tank volume) Twenty percent (20%) reserve for wear

Pump Types Roller Centrifugal Gear Turbine Diaphragm Piston

Positive Displacement General Purpose Wide range Output Pressures Herbicides Rollers can wear Roller Pump

Positive Displacement High Pressure Volume depends on RPMs Insecticides Dry Formulations Part can wear Piston

Positive Displacement High Pressure High Volume Insecticides Herbicides Dry Formulations Part can wear Diaphragm

Non-positive Displacement Continuous Flow High RPM’s Low Pressures Durable Easy to Maintain Dry Formulations

Pump requirement (GPM) = Desired GPA x Boom Width x MPH 495 For Boom Flow only Add 5 GPM for every 100 gallons of tank – page 78

Example 30 GPA x 40 feet x 5 MPH 495 = 12 GPM

Pressure Least desirable to adjust GPA 4 x pressure to double GPA 20 GPA at 30 psi 40 GPA at 120 psi Small droplets = DRIFT Minor tweeks!

Find New Pressure (psi) page 82 40 GPA 20 GPA 2 35 psi X 35 X 2 35 X 4 New Pressure = 140 psi

Hoses Flexible (non-collapsible if suction hose) Durable Resistant (sunlight, oil, chemicals, abrasion, twisting) Sufficient Pressure Rating Correct size

Guide for determining hose size. General Manual Page 88 Pump Output (gals/min.) Suction Hose Discharge Hose   (inside diameter in inches) Under 12 GPM 3/4 5/8 12-25 GPM 1 25-50 GPM 1 1/4 50-100 GPM 1 1/2

GPA – Gallons per Acre (GPA) Total sprayer output, delivery rate, volume applied…ad nauseum GPM – Gallons per Minute (GPM) Nozzles and pump output Diluent – dilutes formulation at applicatoin Carrier – dilutes active ingredient at manufacture

Comparison of Micron Sizes (approximate) 2000 m - #2 Pencil lead 850 m - paper clip 420 m – staple 300 m - toothbrush bristle 150 m - sewing thread 100 m - human hair

What’s a good GPA? Very Fine to Fine Droplet = Low Volume (GPA) Medium to Coarse Droplets Very Coarse = High Volume

Read them labels!!

Three Functions of a Nozzle Metering - GPA Atomization – Liquid to drops Pattern dispersal

MAXIMIZING SPRAYER PERFORMANCE Nozzle materials Stainless steel, brass and plastic are the most common. Stainless steel is probably the best choice

Nozzles: Wear vs Cost

VOLUME OF PESTICIDE SOLUTION APPLIED DEPENDS UPON: NOZZLE TIPS PRESSURE SPEED NOZZLE SPACING

TeeJet nozzle tip examples

NOZZLE TIP DESIGNATIONS SPRAYING SYSTEMS CO. HSS8002E HSS 80 02 E HSS = HARDENED STAINLESS STEEL 80 = 80 DEGREE SPRAY ANGLE 02 = 0.2 GALLON PER MINUTE AT 40 PSI E = EVEN FLAT FAN PATTERN FOR BAND APPLICATION

Nozzle Coding- Spraying Systems XR means eXtended Range 80 means 80o pattern 03 means 0.30 GPM at 40 psi VS means Stainless Steel withVisiFlo color coding SS = Stainless Steel VP = Polymer, etc

Atomization (Droplet Size) is Dependent On: Nozzle type and orifice size Pressure – higher pressure = small drops Liquid characteristics

Nozzle Types Flat fan - regular Flat fan - extended range Twin flat fan - good for dense foliage

MAXIMIZING SPRAYER PERFORMANCE

Nozzle Orientation

Nozzle types Even flat fan - band applications Flooding flat fan Hollow cone Full cone

Flood Jet

MAXIMIZING SPRAYER PERFORMANCE NOZZLES Nozzle types Flat fan is best for broadcast application of herbicides Flat fan Even fan

BOOM BUSTER SPRAY NOZZLES THAT WORK WITHOUT BOOMS FEATURES All nozzles machined from solid stainless steel.  All have replaceable industrial grade nylon diffusers. (Tests have shown that this nylon will outlast stainless steel.)

Roadside Spray Boom

Boom Buster (con’t) Extra wide spray pattern. Excellent pattern and distribution. All models spray chemicals and fertilizers. All nozzles have standard pipe threads.

Boom Buster (con’t) USES Row Crops, Grain and Pastures State and County Right-of-Ways Orchards and Vineyards Forestry and Utility Right-of-Ways Lawn and Turf Roads, Hedge Rows and Fence Rows

Rule of Thumb An 8004 nozzle will deliver 40 gpa when used at 3 mph with 40 psi. Likewise an 8002 will deliver 20 gpa under the same conditions. An 8001 will deliver 10 gpa.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT NOZZLE SIZE GPM = GPA x MPH x Nozzle spacing in inches 5940 GPM = Gallons per minute per nozzle GPA = Gallons per acre MPH = Miles per hour

EXAMPLE GPA = 30 MPH = 4 Nozzle spacing = 20 GPM = 30 GPA x 4 MPH x 20 in 5940 GPM = 0.40

HOW TO CHANGE SPRAYER OUTPUT NOZZLES Best for large changes in output

HOW TO CHANGE SPRAYER OUTPUT Pressure Only feasible within a limited pressure range Pressure must be increased by a factor of 4 in order to double the flow 10 GPA at 20 PSI 20 GPA at 80 PSI

HOW TO CHANGE SPRAYER OUTPUT SPEED Only feasible within a limited range of speeds Double ground speed will decrease output by 50% 1/2 ground speed will increase output by 50%

Ground Speed – Page 100 Linear relationship

Verifying Speed Page 95 Make a test strip to verify MPH Feet x 60 . Seconds x 88* Feet per second x 0.682 * At 1 MPH, it takes 1 minute to travel 88 feet

75 MPH Speed - Example (5,280 / 48 seconds) x 0.682 = Test Strip Distance = 5,280 feet Seconds to travel strip = 48 seconds (5,280 / 48 seconds) x 0.682 = 75 MPH

5 MPH So What! Speed 2 (200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 = Test Strip Distance = 200 feet Seconds to travel strip = 27 seconds (200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 = 5 MPH So What!

Current GPA x Present MPH = New GPA Speed Effects on GPA Current GPA x Present MPH = New GPA New GPA Page 100 for example 20 GPA x 3 MPH = 60 = 6 MPH 10 GPA 10

ROW Manual – Pg 15 New GPA = Current GPA x Current MPH New MPH 25 GPA x 5 MPH = 125 = 17.8 or 18 GPA 7 MPH 7

Don't Be Scared!