Versailles & Russia ( ) I.WWI Ends ( ) A.Paris Peace Conference 1.Mood 2.Treaty II.Russia ( ) A.Background-terms B.Background-history C.Revolution/Civil War D.Lenin Treaty & Philosophy E.Stalin Rise & Plan Key Terms Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson Versailles Treaty Socialism Communism Treaty of Brest Litovsk Leninism Purges 5 Year Plan
CountryDeadWounded% of Pop Germany2,037,0004,207, % Russia1,811,0001,450, % France1,398,0002,000, % Austria-Hungary1,100,0003,620, % British Empire 921,0002,090, % Turkey 804, , % Italy 578, , % US 114, ,000.13% Total Casualties In World War One
Paris Peace Conference Left to right: Lloyd George (GB), Sonnino (Italy), Clemenceau (France), Wilson (US)
Paris Peace Conference (1918) French Premier Goal: Punish Germany! Georges Clemenceau ( )
Results Of Franco-Prussian War ( ) 1.Germany became unified as a nation. 2.France had to pay reparations of $5 billion. 3.France had to give territory of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. Significance: Insured French hatred of Germany.
Paris Peace Conference (1918) US President Goal: Peace without “Victors” & League of Nations Woodrow Wilson ( )
Versailles Treaty (1918) 1.Germany was forced to admit sole responsibility for causing WWI. 2.Germany was forced to pay the cost of the war. 3.German military was dramatically reduced. 4.German Rhineland was to be a demilitarized zone. 5.Territory of Alsace & Lorraine was returned to France.
Definition Of Terms Public (or government) ownership of all business. After a nation industrializes workers stage a bloody, violent revolution. A police state is established to crush all opposition and insure success of revolution. When ready, a “Workers Dictatorship” is established; social classes are abolished and people live as equals. Socialism Communism
Russian “Backwardness” (In 1900) No Enlightenment; little Industrialization 75-80% of population were peasants in % at or below poverty in 1900 Russian village before Revolution
WWI & Russia WWI was unpopular—no food & people protested (1917).
Russia & WWI Czar Nicholas II abdicated in 1917; later he was executed
Anastasia = Mystery (Daughter of Czar Nicholas)
WWI & Russian Revolution—A New Leader Returned to Russia DURING WWI to lead Revolution He promised: “Peace, Land & Bread” Vladimir Ilich Lenin ( ) Forced Russia out of WWI
Treaty of Brest Litovsk (March, 1918) 1.Russia surrendered to Germany & left WWI 2.Cost: Russia lost 25% of its territory to Germany Significance: Increased Lenin’s popularity—because he brought an end to WWI!
Communist Manifesto (1848) 1.Throughout history, all societies have had class conflict. 2.Those with power (owners) exploit workers. 3.Once a country becomes industrialized, workers will overthrow owners in a bloody & violent revolution. Result: Establishment of society based on equality.
Lenin’s Philosophy 1.Workers AND PEASANTS could unite in a Revolution to topple the government. 2.All factories & land should be seized by this new government. 3.In short-run, establish a Communist Dictatorship until true Communism can be established. His ideas were still controversial & Russia faced civil war from
WWI & Russian Revolution By 1921 civil war ended & Lenin was Russia’s leader. In 1924 he suffered a stroke.
Lenin’s Body Religion = “Opiate of the masses.”
A New Leader…? From a poor family; excellent organizer Purges: Stalin often simply imprisoned or executed opponents (Trotsky) Joseph Stalin ( )
Cathedral of Christ the Savior Originally built as symbol of victory over Napoleon; 19th Century image The old temple was destroyed in 1931 to be replaced with a new one.
Posters = Propaganda Brotherhood of workersPromotes Industrialization
Stalin’s Five Year Plan ( ) Goal: Modernize Russia ASAP! Industry-production increased by 400% (by 1940) 90% of farmland was “Collectivized” & modernized to improve efficiency (by 1933) Cost Hundreds of thousands killed & imprisoned-many in Siberia Famine-7 million die in Ukraine ( )
Versailles & Russia ( ) I.WWI Ends ( ) A.Paris Peace Conference 1.Mood 2.Treaty II.Russia ( ) A.Background-terms B.Background-history C.Revolution/Civil War D.Lenin Treaty & Philosophy E.Stalin Rise & Plan Key Terms Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson Versailles Treaty Socialism Communism Treaty of Brest Litovsk Leninism Purges 5 Year Plan