Energy Efficient Street Lights Technology Debbie Bell Municipal Regional Sales Manager Hubbell Lighting, Inc. Yaser Abdelsamed Director of Innovation and Technology Acuity Brands Lighting

Municipal Influencers Technology Lighting Need

Industry Organizations and Standards Illuminating Engineering Society - www.ies.org American National Standards Institute – www.ansi.org RP-8-00 – Roadway Lighting RP-33-99 - Lighting for Exterior Environments RP-6-01 - Sports and Recreational Area Lighting DG-4-03 – Roadway Lighting Maintenance LM-79,LM-80 – LED Photometry and Measurement C136.3-1995 - Roadway Lighting Equipment

Applicable IES Standards

area Streets

RP-8 Standard illuminance luminance

RP-20 Standard illuminance

E = Calculating Lighting Lm = Lumens per Lamp LF = Loss Factors F x N x Lm x LF x CU Area E = E = Required Footcandles F = Total Number of Fixtures N = Lamps per Fixture Lm = Lumens per Lamp LF = Loss Factors CU = Coefficient of Utilization Area = Area of Space Critical factors

IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9th Edition, pg 9-17 RP-8-00 - Annex A Recoverable Light that can be recovered through lamp changes or properly planned maintenance. LLD: Lamp Lumen Depreciation LDD: Luminaire Dirt Depreciation LBO: Luminaire Burn-Out factor Unrecoverable Factors that are inherent to the design of the fixture or the characteristics of the space. LAT: Luminaire Ambient Temperature LSD: Luminaire Surface Depreciation IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9th Edition, pg 9-17 RP-8-00 - Annex A

Calculation tools Photometry Geometry Lighting Calculation

Uniformity major benefit IESNA recommended practice encourages better uniformity (lower Max-to-Min) since it is easier for the eye to adapt Limited research data available; for example … How much better is 2:1 versus 8:1 in a parking lot? Generally accepted that 2X luminance variation is perception threshold. Optimized LED design is ~2:1 luminance uniformity for main parking driven by illuminance uniformity

High Pressure Sodium System Description Benefits Issues Standard lamp and socket Electronic ballast Benefits Established lamp technology Long life Step dimming Prevents “end of lamp life” syndrome that can damage the fixture Remote monitoring and troubleshooting Asset management Retrofit into existing opticals Issues Poor color rendering N/A in 480V Lamp warranties Controls backhaul expense

Metal Halide System Description Benefits Issues Ceramic arc tube lamp Electronic ballast Special socket Benefits Extended lamp life White light and higher CRI Variable or step dimming Higher source efficacy and lumen maintenance Faster hot restrike Retrofit into existing opticals Meets EISA legislation Issues New technology Manufacturers dependent Limited wattage

Induction Technology System Description Benefits Issues Matched lamp, socket and ballast Benefits Instant on White light and similar CRI Extended lamp life/ lower maintenance costs Recent advancements provide variable or step dimming Good source efficacy and lumen maintenance Issues Diminished optical control Limited wattage Thermal management High initial costs

LED Lighting What changed? Reduced maintenance Quality Of Light Design Advanced Optics Environmentally Friendly Reduced Glare & Spill Light Dimmable / Instant On MARKET DRIVERS  Improved Efficacy  System Wattage Flexible Design/ Controllable Remote Controls 2.5X Improved Life  Lumen Output Reduced Energy Energy Legislation Installed Cost

LED Efficiency Evolution Jacques Pankove, RCA Labratories – Invents first blue GaN LED Henry Round – Marconi Labs Semi-conductor junction produces light Rubin Braunstein, Radio Corp of America – reports on infrafred emission from GaAs and other semiconducctors Russian Oleg Losev creates first LED semiconductor Nick Holonyak, Jr., General Electric creates first practical visisble spectrum LED. Is dubbed “father of the light emitting diode” Bob Baird and Gary Pittman, Texas Instruments - patent first infrared (GaAs) LED M. George Craford (Holonyak protégé) - creates first yellow LED, 10X brighter red LED and red-orange LEDs Shugi Nakamura, Nchia – demonstrates first high brightness blue LED (InGaN) Cree Lighting, Raliehg, NC – demonstrates prototype 131 LPW at 20mA Nichia –, introduces high brightness white LED 150 LPW at 20mA forward current Phillips introduces high power LED capable of continuous operation at W Cree Lighting - demonstrates rated at 65 LPW at 20mA 1907 1920 1955 1961 1962 1971 1972 1991 1993 2003 2006 2008 Incandescent Halogen HID LED Cool White - 5800K LED Efficiency Evolution CFL Fluorescent LED Warm White - 3000K

The Technology… High Brightness (HB) LED Light Source Benefits Efficiency Optical advantage Environmentally friendly Life and TCO Lumen Maintenance Durable, Compact Color, Color Changing Instant on Variable Dimming Operates well in cold temperatures Improved photometrics

LED Features & Benefits Multiple Light Source Emitter Directional Light Source vs. 360 deg. Lamp Individually Controllable LED Benefit: Color Consistency – Unit To Unit Greater Optical Control – Light where desired Improved Fixture Efficiency – Fewer Fixtures / Lower Watts Improved Control Of Spill Light – Less Light Pollution / Light Trespass Coefficient of Utilization Sanity check: 250W MH Lamp = 22000 PS lumens initial (13700 mean) = 22000/250 = 88 LPW X luminaire efficiency of 77% = (22000X.77)/250 = 16940 or 68 overall LPW X coefficient of utilization of 35% = (22000X.35)/250 = 7700 or 30 delivered LPW

Thermal balance FIXTURE AMBIENT AIR radiation (~10%) Light (~25%) convection (~90%) Conduction (~75%)

Lumen output decreases with temperature. Luminous flux Junction temperature Lumen output decreases with temperature.

Instant On Lumens / Watt Graph Thermally Stabilized

Life decreases significantly with increasing temperature. Mean lumens 20C L70 Life decreases significantly with increasing temperature.

As current increases, light output doesn’t increase at the same rate. LED “Droop” IDEAL actual As current increases, light output doesn’t increase at the same rate.

Comparison of Lamp Sources

LED CFL Incandescent Fluorescent HID Lumens per $

LED Lighting Checklist Who is your LED supplier? Did they provide an IESNA LM-80 test report for the LEDs? What is the max operating temp and max Tj? What’s the expected L70 fixture lifetime? Can you supply an IESNA LM-79 test report? .ies files? What are the delivered lumens and LPW of the fixture? Is the chromaticity in the ANSI C78.377A color space and is it stable over time? How much does the color vary from fixture to fixture? What is the Power Factor of your fixture? Have you applied for DOE Energy Star? Why/why not? Is your fixture RoHS compliant? Mercury free? What is your warranty on the entire fixture, not just LED light engine?

Total Cost of Ownership Traditional LED Offering Energy Material Maintenance Savings Labor LED Solution

What’s next… Lighting Controls Circuit Control Radio Frequency Power Line Carrier Wireless Telemetry Benefits Asset management Resource allocation Customer service Warranty assurance Remote troubsleshooting Issues New technology Retrofit application Data retrieval and managment High initial costs

What’s next… Plasma Lighting Benefits Energy Efficient Minimized environmental material impact Full color spectrum Dimmable Higher lumen packages Smaller point source “LED on steroids” Issues Technology in development Retrofit or new installation High initial costs Backhaul services

What’s next… Solar / Wind Issues Location Energy storage Low wattages Higher EPA Power supplier?

Checklist for Preparation Have you baselined your current lighting system? Do you have influence over lighting selection? Do you know what you are spending on lighting? What are your TOTAL maintenance costs? Does your lighting specification consider new technologies? Will your infrastructure support new technology? Have you researched energy rebate programs? Communicate with your peers. Take advantage of manufacturer education. Attend regional meetings to gain information. Connect with Industry Standards organizations NEMA, IES, ANSI, APWA, etc.

Questions? Debbie Bell Municipal Regional Sales Manager Hubbell Lighting, Inc. E: dbell@hubbell-ltg.com C: 864-293-8717 Yaser Abdelsamed Director of Innovation and Technology Acuity Brands Lighting E: yaser.abdelsamed@acuitybrands.com W: 740-587-6003