Sponges and Cnidarians By Tim Allen, Tim Kang, Niko Escanilla, and Paul Woo

Sponges Phylum = Porifera Scientific name = Calcareous sponge Common Name = Yellow Calcareous Sponge

Sponges Phylum = Porifera Scientific name = Spongia officinalis Common Name = Bath Sponge

Cnidarians Phylum = Cnidaria Scientific name = Physalia utriculus Common Name = Bluebottle

Cnidarians Phylum = Cnidoria Scientific name = Octocorallia alcyonacea Common Names = Red Sea Soft Coral

Evolution of Sponges Sponges were one of the first animals living on Earth, dating back 730 million years ago. Most are marine (9,000+ species) They share some characteristics with living animals today. Sponges are multicellular but are thought to have evolved from unicellular protists. Multicellularity If they are put through a fine mesh, they separate and then come back together to form a new sponge. Various shapes, sizes, habitats, and colors Sponges date back to the Precambrian era

Evolution of Cnidarians One of the first animals fossils that were recognized were cnidarians The first cnidarians were composed of soft tissue The earliest Cnidarian fossil discovered is 580 million years of age

Symmetry of Sponges Sponges Asymmetrical Acoelomate They lack symmetry Acoelomate Do NOT have a body cavity Can also have radial symmetry Pic from- http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72139&rendTypeId=35

Body Plan of Sponges Vocabulary Sessile Choanocytes Ostia Osculum Firmly attaching to surfaces and not moving Choanocytes Flagellated cells that are found on the interior of the sponge Ostia pores Osculum The opening at the top of a sponge http://www.marinefoundation.org/sponge2.gif

Symmetry and Body Cavity of Cnidarians Has radial symmetry A body plan that can be divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any along a central axis http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/radial.jpg (this website is for the works cited for this radial symmetry pic) Cnidarians have two tissue layers Outer- epidermis Inner- gastrodermis In the center of the body is that gastrovascular cavity a hollow gut

Body Plan of Cnidarians Vocabulary Medusa Bell-Shaped Specialized for swimming Polyp Vase-Shaped Specialized a sessile existence sessile existence Being able to attach firmly to a surface and not move

Structural Support of Sponges Some sponges are supported by spongin Flexible protein fibers acting as a skeleton for support Other sponges are supported by spicules Small-needlelike made of silicate (silicon dioxide) or calcium carbonate

Structural Support of Cnidarians The structural support in Cnidarians is Mesoglea Jelly like substance provides structural support in water

Nutrition and Digestion of Sponges Sessile, do not have the ability to pursue food Filter Feed Choanocytes beat flagellum, pumping water in through the ostia, pores Sponges filter the food out of the water Choanocytes trap the food in their small hair-like projections Water leaves through osculum or mouth Water/food IN through ostia Water-OUT through osculum

Nutrition and Digestion of Cnidarians Cnidocysts capture prey Tentacles are used to capture food Trigger triggers the nematocyst to be expelled The nematocysts sting the prey the spine and trap food with the fillaments Trap food with mucous found at mouth and tentacles

Transportation and Circulation of Sponges During the premature stage The larva moves by means of flagella until they find a place to attach to and thus begin their sessile stage Sessile During adulthood Circulation: A sponge has water flow in through its ostia and go out through its osculum

Transportation of Cnidarians Many adult cnidarians are free-floating In the larval stage, they are free swimmers Larval stage- part of the life cycle of a cnidarian http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-cnidaria.jpg

Circulation of Cnidarians No specialized systems found in cnidarians that aid in circulation Circulation mainly achieved through diffusion

Respiration of Sponges Does not have a respiratory system Takes in water (H2O) through its pores They have canals that move the water throughout the sponge

Respiration of Cnidarians Goes through diffusion There small body size allows oxygen to diffuse from water through their thick membrane No respiratory structures are needed Lungs, gills, etc.

Water Balance and Excretion in Sponges Sponges beat the flagella of certain cells to pump water in and out of its osculum Sponges have carbon dioxide and other wastes removed quite easily The water moves it in and out through the pores

Water Balance and Excretion in Cnidarians Maintain water balance by osmosis Diffuse water through their tissue

Reproduction in Sponges Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually Asexual reproduction- Budding internally and externally The new sponges are similar to their parents

Reproduction in Cnidarians Reproduce both asexually and sexually Asexually- budding or binary fission Binary fission- splitting a parent cell into two equal parts Sexually- an asexual cnidarian reproduces Produces an organism that can reproduce sexually This leads to the variation in generations

A Sponges Nervous System Sponges do not have a nervous system Lack sensory cells and nerve cells

A Cnidarians Nervous System Contains a nerve net Has a network of nerve fibers Able to communicate when overlapped Not cephalized

Unique Facts about Sponges

Unique facts about Sponges The largest sponge ever measured was a Monoraphus sponge It was ten feet wide!! In the Caribbean Sea, sponges can filter all of the water in one day!! Within a sponge, it is possible to find 16,000 other animals!

Unique Facts about Cnidarians Over 10,000 species 130 of those species recorded in Sydney Harbor Group name Cnidarian comes from the word nettle The body of the a Cnidarian is a sack with an opening, such as a medusa or a polyp

WORKS CITED "http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72139&rendTypeId=35." Marriam-Webster. 2006. 7 Apr 2009 http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/dino/geotime/ geo_time_graphic.gif." 7 Apr 2009 Bird, Jonathan. "http://www.marinefoundation.org/sponge2.gif ." 7 Apr 2009 "http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-cnidaria.jpg ." 7 Apr 2009 Postlethwait, John, and Janet Hopson. Modern Biology. Austin: A Harcourt Education Company, 2006. "iod.ucsd.edu/~amanda/Files/lab5InvertsI.ppt." 7 Apr 2009

ERA PICK IS FROM http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/dino/geotime/geo_time_graphic.gif