Cilia and Flagella By Peyton O’Hara

Cilia Flagella

What is Cilia Cilia are the small hair like structures on the outside of the organelles of almost all mammals cells They are found in eukaryotic cells It is rare that they are found in plants

Cilia are broken down into two different kinds There is Motile and Non-Motile or Primary Sometimes they will function together

Motile (moving) They usually have a wave like motion Structure Function They usually have a wave like motion They are mostly found in larger eukaryotes (mammals) They are mostly used to move things along in the body Ex. To move dirt and mucus along in the airways

Places they are found Lungs Middle ear Respiratory tract Fallopian tubes of females

Non-Motile or Primary They are on almost every cell in the body Structure Function They are on almost every cell in the body They look like a spike They is usually one per cell but some have multiple (specialized primary) They can act as sensory antenna for the cell by sending and receiving data

Places they are found Nose (multiple) Eye (multiple) Kidney

Flagella They look like a tail that comes off of the cell There are three different types of flagella Bacterial Archaella Eukaryotic

Structure Plant, animal and protist cells Bacterial Archaella Eukaryotic Plant, animal and protist cells They are similar to motile cilia in the ways that they move and function Has a rotary motor at the base that can turn it clockwise or counterclockwise If there is more than one they all rotate separately Almost the same as bacterial There are many of them and they rotate as a single unit

Function A flagella is used to get a cell from place to another If they are on a stationary cell then they are found in masses and move the fluid along the surface Ex. A sperm swims by the use of the flagella and the collar cell in a sponge will move water through it by the beating of its flagella

The only really big difference between the structures of flagella and cilia is their length and thickness

Extra Information Cilia make water currents that carry food and oxygen past the gills of clams and transport food through the digestive systems of snails. Flagella can also create the water currents necessary for respiration and circulation in sponges and coelenterates as well.

Diseases Ectopic pregnancy- happens when the cilia in the fallopian tubes isn’t functioning properly and can cause a tubal pregnancy (most common) Polycystic Kidney disease- is when cysts form in the kidneys

Bardet-Biedl syndrome-can be almost anywhere in your body Bardet-Biedl syndrome-can be almost anywhere in your body. Eyes, nose ,hands, cardiovascular system, stomach, urogenital system, behavior (similar to Autism) and sometimes obesity