Ribosome Structure 1. Outline the structure of a ribosome based on the diagram: ● A site.

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Ribosome Structure 1. Outline the structure of a ribosome based on the diagram: ● A site

Ribosome Structure 1. Outline the structure of a ribosome based on the diagram: ● large and small subunits ● A, P, E sites in large subunit ● mRNA binding site in small subunit ● composed of protein and rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Polyribosomes 2. Define polyribosome based on the diagrams.

Polyribosomes 2. Define polyribosome based on the diagrams. A cluster of ribosomes translating the same mRNA transcript.

Peptide Bonds Ribosomes catalyze peptide bonds between amino acids. 3. Is this a condensation or hydrolysis reaction?

Peptide Bonds Ribosomes catalyze peptide bonds between amino acids. 3. Is this a condensation or hydrolysis reaction?

Peptide Bonds 4. Draw the product of peptide bond formation below.

Peptide Bonds 4. Draw the product of peptide bond formation below.

Peptide Bonds 5. Which of the following correctly shows a peptide bond?

Peptide Bonds 5. Which of the following correctly shows a peptide bond?

tRNA Structure 6. Outline the structure of a tRNA molecule based on the diagram: ●

tRNA Structure 6. Outline the structure of a tRNA molecule based on the diagram: ● amino-acid attachment site (3’ end) ● anticodon (base pairs with codon) ● clover-leaf, 3 loop structure (due to H- bonding)

tRNA Activating Enzymes Amino acids must be bound to the correct tRNA molecules by activating enzymes. 7. What is the energy source for this process?

tRNA Activating Enzymes Amino acids must be bound to the correct tRNA molecules by activating enzymes. 7. What is the energy source for this process? ATP

tRNA Activating Enzymes 8. How is enzyme specificity important in this process? (Hint: There are 20 different activating enzymes.)

tRNA Activating Enzymes 8. How is enzyme specificity important in this process? Each enzyme can bind only 1 type of tRNA and 1 type of amino acid - this ensures that the genetic code is followed.