DEVELOPMENT OF CNS By Dr Samina Anjum.

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Presentation transcript:

DEVELOPMENT OF CNS By Dr Samina Anjum

NERVOUS SYSTEM The central nervous system (CNS): - Brain and spinal cord The peripheral nervous system (PNS): - Neurons outside the CNS - Cranial and spinal nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord with peripheral structures The autonomic nervous system (ANS): - Has parts in both the CNS and PNS.

Neurulation CNS appears at the beginning of 3rd week of development.

Closure of Neural Tube Day 25 Rostral neuropore closes Day 28 Caudal neuropore closes

Ectoderm to Neuroectoderm: 20 days to 30 days

Rhombencephalic isthmus Pontine flexure

BRAIN FLEXURES 4th week Cephalic/Midbrain flexure Cervical flexure Rhombencephalic isthmus 4th week Cephalic/Midbrain flexure Cervical flexure Pontine flexure Flexures cause variation in outline of T.S of brain at various levels & in position of grey & white substance

Pontine flexure

Development of Spinal Cord Neuroepithelial, Mental and Marginal layers Neuroepithelium With Junctional complexes at the lumen (White matter Of S.C) Neuroblasts (Gray matter of S.C)

Basal, Alar, Roof & Floor plates

Histological Differentiation Nerve cells, Glial cells & Neural crest cells Vascular Transient dendrite Marginal layer Lie b/w Blood vessels and neurons

SPINAL NERVES

Neural Crest Cells

NEURAL CREST CELLS

Myelination Spinal cord begins in 4th month---1st year Tracts in N Myelination Spinal cord begins in 4th month---1st year Tracts in N.S myelinate when they start functioning Neurilemmal sheath PNS CNS

Positional Changes in Spinal Cord Subarachnoid space 3rd month End of 5th month New born Adult

Spina bifida occulta. Spina bifida cystica. Spina bifida Spina bifida occulta Spina bifida cystica Spina bifida Meningomyelocele Myeloschisis

Acrania, Cerebral regression & Anencephaly

PITUITARY GLAND-ECTODERMAL Rathke’s pouch (Ectodermal out pocketing of stomodeum) embryo is 3 weeks End of 2nd month Looses its connection with oral cavity

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