1 Class Insecta

2 Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta (Hexapoda)

3 Most Abundant and Diverse Animal Class 1,000,000+ species identified 1,000,000+ species identified May be as many as 30,000,000May be as many as 30,000,000 More than all other animals combined More than all other animals combined

4 Distribution of Insects Air Air land land In the soil In the soil Parasites Parasites Plants Animals Freshwater Freshwater Not marine??? Not marine???

5 Characteristics of Insects Three body regions Three body regions HeadHead ThoraxThorax AbdomenAbdomen Three pair of legs Three pair of legs Open circulatory system Open circulatory system

6 Characteristics (cont) Two pair of wings Two pair of wings One pair in fliesOne pair in flies Absent in someAbsent in some Pair of compound eyes Pair of compound eyes Spiracles for respiration Spiracles for respiration

7 Centipede and Symphyla

8 Insect Evolution

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12 Chewing Mouthparts

13 Piercing Mouthparts

14 Siphoning Mouthparts

15 Sponging Mouthparts

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18 Insect abdomen Tergum Sternum Pleuralmembrane Ovipositor Cercus Spiracle

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21 Insect Excretion Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

22 Internal Anatomy

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25 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Complete Metamorphosis From Raven/Johnson, Biology, 3 rd ed., Copyright © 1999 The McGraw-Hill Companies.

26 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Incomplete Metamorphosis From Hickman/Roberts/Larson, Integrated Principles of Zoology, 11 th ed., Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies.

27 Digger Wasp

28 Paralyzes Prey

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32 Social Insects Live in colonies Live in colonies Queen Queen King King Soldiers Soldiers Workers Workers

33 Insect Societies

34 Casts in a Bee Hive Queen Queen Lays eggs Queen substance Worker Worker Builds hive Takes care of eggs Attends to queen Royal jelly Drone Drone Fertilizes queen

35 Become a Queen!

36 Swarm New queen New queen Leaves with part of the hive to start a new colony Leaves with part of the hive to start a new colony

37

38 Honey

39 Ant Colony

40 Casts in an Ant Colony

41 Ant Pheremones Alarm Alarm Food trail Food trail

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44 Beneficial Insects Honey bee Honey bee Honey Pollinates crops

45 Beneficial Insects Lady bug Lady bug Eats harmful insects Eats harmful insects

46 Beneficial Insects Silkworm moth Silkworm moth Lava produces silk Lava produces silk

47 Beneficial Insects Breakdown dung Breakdown dung

48 Beneficial Insects Blow fly Blow fly Decompose dead bodies Decompose dead bodies

49 Beneficial Insects Ichneumonid wasps Ichneumonid wasps Kill harmful insects Kill harmful insects

50 Fruit Fly Drosophila Drosophila Genetics research Genetics research

51 Harmful Insects Tent catepillar Tent catepillar Pest of many trees and shrubs Pest of many trees and shrubs

52 Harmful Insects Boll weevil Boll weevil Destroys cotton Destroys cotton

53 Harmful Insects Mosquitos Mosquitos Vector Vector Malaria Yellow fever Encephalitis West Nile virus

54 Harmful Insects Flea Flea Vector for Vector for Plague

55 Xenopsylla cheopis Rat flea Rat flea Vector for plague Vector for plague

56 Black Death killed 25,000,000 in Europe killed 25,000,000 in Europe 1900’s killed 20,000,000 in India 1900’s killed 20,000,000 in India

57 Bubos

58 Plague Survivor

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60 Alexandre Yersin Discovered bacterium Discovered bacterium Yersinia pestis Yersinia pestis

61 Insect Orders

62 Order Collembela Springtails Springtails 5mm long 5mm long Furcula for jumping Furcula for jumping No wings No wings

63 Order Thysanura Firebrats Firebrats No wings No wings

64 Order Odonota Dragon flies Dragon flies Damsel flies Damsel flies Two pair of large wings Two pair of large wings

65 Order Orthoptera Grasshopper Grasshopper Cockroach Cockroach Praying mantis Praying mantis Cricket Cricket

66 Order Dermaptera Earwigs Earwigs Forceps-like cerci Forceps-like cerci Short wings Short wings

67 Order Isoptera Termites Termites White White Broad waist Broad waist Winged and wingless Winged and wingless

68 Order Homoptera Cicada Cicada Aphids Aphids Leaf hoppers Leaf hoppers Roof-like wings Roof-like wings

69 Order Hemiptera True bugs True bugs Front wing Front wing Basal portion is leatheryBasal portion is leathery Apical portion of wing is membranousApical portion of wing is membranous

70 Order Coleoptera Beetles Beetles 350,000+ species 350,000+ species Hard front wings meet midline Hard front wings meet midline Back wings membranous Back wings membranous

71 Order Lepidoptera Butterflies Butterflies Knobbed antennaeKnobbed antennae Moths Moths Scales on wings Scales on wings Larva are catepillars Larva are catepillars

72 Order Diptera Flies Flies Mosquitoes Mosquitoes One pair of wings One pair of wings

73 Order Hymenoptera Bees Bees Wasps Wasps Ants Ants Four membranous wings Four membranous wings Narrow waist Narrow waist

74 Order Anoplura Lice Lice No wings No wings Single claw Single claw Sucking mouth parts Sucking mouth parts parasites parasites

75 Order Siphonaptera Fleas Fleas Flattened laterally Flattened laterally Spines on legs and body Spines on legs and body Parasites Parasites

76 The End