Covalent Compounds.

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COVALENT COMPOUNDS BONDS BETWEEN NONMETALS. COVALENT COMPOUNDS What does the prefix “co” mean? - together - shared - with - jointly.

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Presentation transcript:

Covalent Compounds

Brainstorm: What does the prefix “Co” mean? What does covalent mean? What types of elements do you think covalent bonds form between?

What is a covalent compound? Is a compound made up of two or more nonmetals that are bonded together - the electrons are shared instead of transferred - the have NO charges

Ionic vs Covalent Compounds Electrons are transferred from one element to the other Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal (cation and an anion) Electrons are shared not transferred Occurs between two or more nonmetals

Why share instead of transfer? Due to electronegativity Metals have very low electronegativity They do not want other atoms electrons The have a low ionization energy (meaning they do not pull hard on their own electrons) Nonmetals have very high electronegativity They want other atoms electrons to complete their octet They pull very hard on their own, and other atoms electrons

Can you pick out the ionic vs covalent? H2O Na2(SO4) MnBr2 CO2 N2O Al(NO3)3 KCl P2O3 NaCl SCl2 CCl4 Li(OH) Sr(NO2)2 BrCl5 GaN SO2 Cs3As2 CO H2O2 N2P3

How did you do? H2O Na2(SO4) MnBr2 CO2 N2O Al(NO3)3 KCl P2O3 NaCl SCl2 CCl4 Li(OH) Sr(NO2)2 BrCl5 GaN SO2 Cs3As2 CO H2O2 N3P5

How to write covalent compound formulas No charges to cancel out Several compounds can have the same elements, they just occur in different ratios. The specific amount of atoms in each compound is what makes it a specific compound Examples: CO NO SO CO2 N2O SO2 CO3 S2O3 We CANNOT and DO NOT drop and swap when writing covalent compounds

You must know what the numerical prefixes are

How to write covalent compound formulas Use the numerical prefix on the first element as its subscript If no prefix it means one No need to write 1’s. Do NOT drop and swap Use the numerical prefix on the second element as its subscript. The prefix mono- this time means 1

Give it a try: Compound Name: What is the first element? What is the numerical value of the prefix? What is the second element? What is the formula? *Remember do NOT drop and swap. Hexaboron Monosilicide Chlorine dioxide Dicarbon hexahydride Phosphorous triiodide Iodine pentafluoride

How to name a covalent compound: NEVER simplify these compounds Example: N2O4 IS NOT NO2 For the 1st element: Use a prefix for all numbers EXCEPT one and the elements name off the periodic table. NO2 (Nitrogen does not need a prefix for this name) N2O (Nitrogen does need the prefix di- to indicate there are two nitrogen atoms) For the 2nd element: ALWAYS use a prefix For the 2nd element: Change the ending of the elements name to “-ide”

How to name a covalent compound: The first element you simply name and add the proper prefix if needed The second element you name with the proper prefix For the second element change the ending to “-ide” Dicarbon Hexaoxide

Give it a try: Compound Formula: Prefix on the first element: Name of the first element: Prefix on the second element: Name of the second element with -ide ending. Name of the compound P4S5 SeF6 Si2Br6 CH4 NF3