SPACE NOTES Grade 9 science

OUR UNIVERSE describe theories on the formation of the solar system describe theories on the origin and evolution of the universe: Big Bang Theory; Oscillating theory

BY THE END OF THE LESSON… Everyone will know: that theoretically our universe started as one point of energy Most people will be able to explain: the different parts of the Big Bang Theory, and why the theme song from the TV makes sense Some people will be able to explain: the Doppler Effect and Hubble’s theory and why it is evidence for the Big Bang Theory

THEORIES A reminder that these notes are to learn about scientific theories on the creation of the universe Theories are not Laws (fact), they are not proven 100%, but they do have a lot of evidence to back them up

THE BIG BANG THEORY The Big Bang Theory is not only an awesome TV show The Big Bang Theory is not only an awesome TV show It is also _________for the origin of the universe It is also _________for the origin of the universe

THE BIG BANG THEORY

TIME BEGINS: THE BIG BANG THEORY The universe began ~13.7 billion years ago The universe began ~13.7 billion years ago The universe began _________ The universe began _________ It was size of a _________ It was size of a _________ The universe began as a _________ The universe began as a _________ All matter and space were created from a single point of pure energy in an instant All matter and space were created from a single point of pure energy in an instant

~ 3 MINUTES AFTER BIG BANG ~ 3 MINUTES AFTER BIG BANG The universe has grown from the size of an atom to _________ The universe has grown from the size of an atom to _________ As energy slows down it _________ As energy slows down it _________ Energy forms matter into clumps that today we call _________ Energy forms matter into clumps that today we call _________ E=mc 2 E=mc 2 These parts later form into atoms These parts later form into atoms

~ SEVERAL HUNDRED THOUSAND YEARS AFTER BIG BANG ATOMS form (specifically hydrogen and a small amount of helium) ATOMS form (specifically hydrogen and a small amount of helium) _________ _________ It is still almost the same today It is still almost the same today Other elements were created by stars through _________ Other elements were created by stars through _________

~200 TO 400 MILLION YEARS AFTER BIG BANG 1 st stars and galaxies form 1 st stars and galaxies form

~ 4.6 BILLION YEARS AGO Our solar system forms Our solar system forms

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE BIG BANG There was (and continues to be) expansion There was (and continues to be) expansion This was not a balloon popping and releasing its air This was not a balloon popping and releasing its air Imagine a balloon expanding; Imagine a balloon expanding; __________________ __________________ We tend to image the singularity (the first point of energy) as a little fireball appearing somewhere in space We tend to image the singularity (the first point of energy) as a little fireball appearing somewhere in space Space began inside of the singularity Space began inside of the singularity _______________________- _______________________-

Activity #1 Make a Big Bang Timeline Include diagrams and labels for the stages on the right Singularity Big Bang – energy Matter E=mc2 protons Neutrons electrons Atoms Hydrogen helium Stars and galaxies Our solar system Sun and all planets Earth (present day )

UNIVERSAL EXPANSION AND HUBBLE’S LAW: EVIDENCE Hubble was an astronomer in the 1920’s Hubble was an astronomer in the 1920’s Hubble used the ____________ to prove that galaxies are ____________ Hubble used the ____________ to prove that galaxies are ____________ Blue light has a __________ than red light Blue light has a __________ than red light Galaxies that have light that is becoming bluer are ____________ Galaxies that have light that is becoming bluer are ____________ The majority of galaxies are ____________ and each other The majority of galaxies are ____________ and each other The farther, the faster they move The farther, the faster they move This is a principal piece of evidence for the Big Bang This is a principal piece of evidence for the Big Banghttps://

PRACTICE QUESTIONS What is the Doppler Effect? What is the Doppler Effect? What does Hubble’s “Blue shift/ Red shift” refer to? What does Hubble’s “Blue shift/ Red shift” refer to? How is a blue shift in surrounding galaxies evidence for the Big Bang Theory? How is a blue shift in surrounding galaxies evidence for the Big Bang Theory? In your own words explain the Big Bang Theory. In your own words explain the Big Bang Theory.