Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements. Source: Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals What is Logistics

Evolutionary Timeline of logistics Forrester (1958, 61) * Physical distribution Bowersox (1969) * Integrated logistics Haulihan (1985) * Supply chain mgt. Zin & Bowerson (1988) * Concept of postponement Lee et al. (1997) * Bullwhip effect Bloemhof-Ruwarrd (1995) * Green supply chain SC sustainability Top 3 SC challenges in the next 10 years as described by managers: Sustainability & CSR Risk management in global logistics Emerging markets Top 3 SC challenges in the next 10 years as described by managers: Sustainability & CSR Risk management in global logistics Emerging markets

Modern Logistics in China Concept of “Wu Liu” Modern Logistics Industry Started from late 1990’s China’s logistics industry experienced rapid growth since China’s opening up and reform in In 2007, the nation’s total social logistics value reached RMB 74.8 trillion, up 25.5% over 2006 (mainly boosted by the logistics demand of industrial goods, imports and exports).

Modern Logistics in China

Understanding of modern Logistics by people Still a lot think logistics is transportation & warehousing Logistics Human Resource By 2010, market demand for logistics professionals with education of diploma or above: 300, ,000. People working in the industry that need training: >1 million Logisticians have been listed as among 12 professionals that are in high shortage in China  In Shanghai itself, there has been a shortage of Logistics professionals as large as 500,000.

Modern Logistics in China

History  Planned Economy Period Transport and warehousing were mainly done by wholesalers and merchant transport & warehousing companies, among which wholesalers totaled 80% of market share.  1980-Mid 1990’s Innovation Period Manufacturers and retailers started to build their own warehouses and fleets. Transport & warehousing companies began to provide services directly to manufacturers. Government started experiment of logistics parks. Chinese Logistics Industry -History and Structure

History (continued)  Mid 1990’s-Now Modern Logistics With foreign investment coming into China who also brought in modern logistics principles and network systems and increased market competition, more and more manufacturing companies realized the importance of logistics. At the same time, more and more joint venture 3PL companies and private logistics companies appeared in the market. Some manufacturing and merchant enterprises started to turn towards logistics outsourcing. This has implied the start of modern logistics industry in China. Chinese Logistics Industry -History and Structure

Structure  Governors  Ministry of Commerce  Ministry of Railway  Ministry of Communication  Civil Aviation Administration  Customs General Administration  State Administration of Taxation  The Ministry of Public Security  State Administration for Industry and Commerce Chinese Logistics Industry -History and Structure Now combined as Ministry of Transportation (rail, water, road)

Structure (continued)  Companies in it  Third-party Logistics Companies  In-house Logistics Division in Manufacturing or Merchant Companies  Logistics Education and Research Organizations  Logistics Equipment and Facility Companies  Logistics Information Service and Consulting Companies  Logistics Real Estate Investors Chinese Logistics Industry -History and Structure

Types of 3PLs in China

Structural Problems  Horizontal And Vertical Separation In Government Administration  Difficult to coordinate different transportation modes controlled by different departments  Duplicated construction and excessive competition eg. Parallel expressway and railway  Business boundaries (industrial & regional) hard for outside business to enter  Lack of Scale Economy In Operations  Between 1999 and 2002, there were altogether 730,000 registered logistics companies in China  Even the biggest company, it’s market share is less than 2% Chinese Logistics Industry -History and Structure

Central Policies  Current Policies  Transport Related Policies  Distribution Related Policies  Foreign Investment Policies  Taxation Policies  Import & Export Policies  Custom’s Regulations  Inspection Regulations, etc. Chinese Logistics Industry -Policies

Central Policies Nine ministries jointly announced (2004). It says government will improve logistics development environment from three areas: administration, taxation and regulation of market system. It also announced 7 measures to be executed. National Development & Reform Commission, 13 government ministries, 2 associations: Ministerial Associate Meeting System (2005). Logistics has been set to be one of the 10 strategic industries that need to be greatly developed (2009). Chinese Logistics Industry -Policies

Municipal Policies  Shang Hai  Shen Zhen Chinese Logistics Industry -Policies

Municipal Policies  Shang Hai: 10th. 5-year Plan (first of the kind)  Logistics being one of the four strategic industries  Three areas of logistics development: Port Logistics (airport, deep seaport) Distribution Logistics E-commerce Logistics  Three Logistics Parks Pu Tuo Logistics Park Pu Dong Airport Logistics Park Waigaoqiao Bonded Zone Chinese Logistics Industry -Policies

Shanghai, Shenzhen, Qingdao, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Dalian are listed among the worlds top 50 container ports. Shanghai Port: freight volume in 2005 reached 443 million tons, exceeded Singapore Port for the first time. Shanghai and the port

TOP 10 WORLD CONTAINER PORTS

A 20-year, US $14.5 billion project that aims to build 52 berths along 13-km waterfront with a draught of at least 15 meters at the Yangshan Deepwater Port Shanghai and the port -Yang’shan Port

 First Stage  Completed on Dec. 10, 2005  1.6-km total length along seashore  5 container berths  Total investment 6 billion RMB  32.2 km sea bridge with 4 driveways Shanghai and the port -Yang’shan Port

WTO Commitment From 2005, areas include road freight transport, leasing, wholesaling and retailing of general products and their distribution, import & export truck transportation, etc. have been opened to overseas investors. Chinese Logistics Industry -Market Openness

Multinational Logistics Companies ’ Development in China

The Impact of Economic Crisis The total value of social logistics achieved a fast growth of 26.7% in the first three quarters of Impacted by the global financial crisis, China's logistics industry had dropped since Sep, 2008, especially the sharp growth drop of port cargo turnover.

The Impact of Economic Crisis With the further influences of global economic crisis, China’s logistics industry will step in the period of slow growth and structural adjustment, which will also create new development opportunities for some 3PLs.

In conclusion, China’s logistics industry has great potential. The growth of total social logistics value will be no less than 20%.