Chapter 4 Atoms and Elements

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Chapter 4 Atoms and Elements 4.4 Atomic Number and Mass Number 32S, 33S, 34S, 36S 16 16 16 16 Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

11 Na Atomic Number Atomic Number Symbol The atomic number is specific for each element is the same for all atoms of an element is equal to the number of protons in an atom appears above the symbol of an element 11 Na Atomic Number Symbol Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Atomic Numbers and Protons Examples: Hydrogen has atomic number 1, every H atom has one proton. Carbon has atomic number 6, every C atom has six protons. Copper has atomic number 29, every Cu atom has 29 protons. Gold has atomic number 79, every Au atom has 79 protons. Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Atomic Models Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check State the number of protons in each atom. A. A nitrogen atom 1) 5 protons 2) 7 protons 3) 14 protons B. A sulfur atom 1) 32 protons 2) 16 protons 3) 6 protons C. A barium atom 1) 137 protons 2) 81 protons 3) 56 protons Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution State the number of protons in each atom. A. A nitrogen atom 2) atomic number 7; 7 protons B. A sulfur atom 2) atomic number 16; 16 protons C. A barium atom, 3) atomic number 56; 56 protons Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Electrons in an Atom An atom of any element is electrically neutral; the net charge of an atom is zero the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons Example: An atom of aluminum Group 3A (13) has 13 protons and 13 electrons. It has a net charge of zero. 13 protons (13 +) + 13 electrons (13 -) = 0 Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Mass Number The mass number represents the number of particles in the nucleus is equal to the Number of protons + Number of neutrons Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check An atom of zinc has a mass number of 65. A. How many protons are in this zinc atom? 1) 30 2) 35 3) 65 B. How many neutrons are in the zinc atom? C. What is the mass number of a zinc atom that has 37 neutrons? 1) 37 2) 65 3) 67 Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution An atom of zinc has a mass number of 65. A. How many protons are in this zinc atom? 1) 30 (atomic number 30) B. How many neutrons are in the zinc atom? 2) 35 (65 – 30 = 35) C. What is the mass number of a zinc atom that has 37 neutrons? 3) 67 (30 + 37 = 67) Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check An atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons. A. Its atomic number is 1) 14 2) 16 3) 34 B. Its mass number is C. The element is 1) Si 2) Ca 3) Se Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution An atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons. A. Its atomic number is 1) 14 B. Its mass number is 3) 34 (14 + 20 = 34) C. The element is 1) Si (Atomic number 14) Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.