Adjectives Accusative Nouns/Direct Objects Roman Numerals Lesson II: Sicilia Adjectives Accusative Nouns/Direct Objects Roman Numerals

fama famae f. report, fame

familia familiae f. family

fortuna fortunae f. fortune, luck

puella puellae f. girl

terra terrae f. earth, land

vita vitae f. life

bonus, bona, bonum good

durus, dura, durum hard

magnus, magna, magnum great, large, big

parvus, parva, parvum small, little

amant they love, like

portant they carry

the good dog the little dog the smart dog Adjectives! An adjective is a word used to describe a noun. We say that an adjective modifies its noun. the good dog the little dog the smart dog

Adjectives The vocabulary lists gives you the 3 nominative forms of Latin adjectives: masculine, feminine, and neuter. You must learn all 3 of these. parvus, parva, parvum small magnus, magna, magnum great, large

familia magna magna familia Adjectives In Latin, an adjective can come before or after its noun. Let’s look at “the large family”: familia magna magna familia

Magnae silvae sunt bonae. G-N-C! In Latin, an adjective must agree with its noun in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE The noun is the boss! Familia est magna. The family is large. Magnae silvae sunt bonae. Large forests are good.

Familia est magna.

Puella est parva. Puellae sunt parvae.

Daily Grade! Time To Practice! Textbook page 24, A) 1-4, 8, 10 COPY the sentences on a sheet of paper Beneath each Latin sentence, TRANSLATE it into English. Daily Grade!

fama famae f. report, fame

familia familiae f. family

fortuna fortunae f. fortune, luck

puella puellae f. girl

terra terrae f. earth, land

vita vitae f. life

bonus, bona, bonum good

durus, dura, durum hard

magnus, magna, magnum great, large, big

parvus, parva, parvum small, little

amant they love, like

portant they carry

Finding Direct Objects A direct object follows an ACTION verb (not a linking verb like “is” and “are”). The direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb. The girl holds the cat. (Ask: what does the girl hold?) Direct object: CAT The boy feeds the dog. (Ask: what does the boy feed?) Direct object: DOG

Finding Direct Objects The choir sang a song. Subject----choir Direct object----song The girls like the forest. Subject----girls Direct object----forest

Take this REALLY HARD Quiz! Which sentence is correct English? I saw him at Pier Park. I saw he at Pier Park.

Take this REALLY HARD Quiz! Which sentence is correct English? Adele is a great singer. I really like listening to she. Adele is a great singer. I really like listening to her.

What just happened here? You proved that you already KNOW how cases work…in English! Romans also had correct cases for direct objects…check it out…

The Accusative Case Accusative endings: –am for singular The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. Accusative endings: –am for singular –as for plural. Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative a is

Now APPLY Your Grammar Rules… The girls like the forest. Girls=Subject Subjects=Nominative Case Girls=Nominative Case puellae Case Sg. Pl. Nom a ae Gen ae arum Dat ae is Acc am as Abl a is

Now APPLY the Accusative Here… The girls like the forest. Forest=Direct Object Direct Objects=Accusative Case Forest=Accusative Case silvam Case Sg. Pl. Nom a ae Gen ae arum Dat ae is Acc am as Abl a is

The girls like the forest. Puellae silvam amant. The girls like the forest.

Just like YOU wouldn’t say, “I really like he…” The Romans wouldn’t say, “Puellae silva amant” but rather, “Puellae silvam amant.”

Practicing Accusative Direct Objects Case Sg. Pl. Nom a ae Gen ae arum Dat ae is Acc am as Abl a is The girls like water. Puellae aqu__ amant. The families carry water. Familiae aqu__ portant. The girls like the roads. Puellae vi__ amant. The families carry the girls. Familiae puell__ portant. am am as as

Remember: Endings are everything!!! What if we took 3 words and just scrambled their order without changing their endings? Puellae silvam amant. Puellae amant silvam. Silvam puellae amant. Amant puellae silvam. Amant silvam puellae. ALL THESE SENTENCES MEAN “THE GIRLS LIKE THE FOREST.”  In Latin, WORD ENDINGS are more important than WORD ORDER. Sometimes word order does follow certain rules, esp. in longer sentences. Remember: Endings are everything!!!

Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant. Translate the following sentences. “Cornelia” and “Iulia” are girls’ names. Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant. Cornelia et Iulia parva familiam amant. Cornelia et Iulia parvam familiam amant. Cornelia et Iulia aquam portant. Cornelia et Iulia aquam bonam portant.

The girls went to the mall. I saw the girls at the mall. sg. -a Tell the case, number, and ending for the red words in these sentences: The girl is my friend. Shelia is a girl. The girls went to the mall. I saw the girls at the mall. sg. -a nominative sg. nominative -a pl. -ae nominative accusative pl. -as Case Sg. Pl. Nom (subject) a ae Gen ae arum Dat ae is Acc (direct obj.) am as Abl a is

Daily Grade! Time To Practice! Textbook page 24, A) 5-7, 9 COPY the sentences on a sheet of paper Beneath each Latin sentence, TRANSLATE it into English Daily Grade!

fama famae f. report, fame

familia familiae f. family

fortuna fortunae f. fortune, luck

puella puellae f. girl

terra terrae f. earth, land

vita vitae f. life

bonus, bona, bonum good

durus, dura, durum hard

magnus, magna, magnum great, large, big

parvus, parva, parvum small, little

amant they love, like

portant they carry

Daily Grade! Sicilia p. 20 in your textbook Write out the sentences I assign you and translate each into English. Daily Grade!

Sicilia est insula magna in Europa. Magna est fama Siciliae (of Sicily), sed fortuna Siciliae (of Sicily) non bona est. In Sicilia vita est dura. Terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae. Magnae silvae in Sicilia non sunt. Viae non bonae sed parvae sunt. Vita est dura in Sicilia, et fortuna non bona est. In Sicilia sunt parvae et magnae puellae. Parvae puellae pupas (dolls) amant. Magnae puellae aquam portant. Familiae puellas amant. Familiae Siciliam et famam Siciliae (of Sicily) amant, sed fortunam duram non amant.

What are Roman numerals? There are 7 Roman numerals. I = 1 V = 5 X = 10 L = 50 C = 100 D = 500 M = 1,000

How do Roman numerals work? To add, place one or more numerals of equal or lesser value after a numeral. 3 III (I+I+I) 6 VI (V+I) 105 CV (C+V)

How do Roman numerals work? To subtract, place a smaller numeral before a larger one. 9 IX (I – X) 4 IV (I – V)

Subtraction There are some rules about subtraction. I, X and C (1, 10, 100) are the only numerals that can be subtracted. I can only be subtracted from V and X. X can only be subtracted from L and C. C can only be subtracted from D and M.

Subtraction I V X L C D M I X C

How to write Roman numerals Break down a number into its places: tens, hundreds, thousands Write each section in Roman numerals Arrange the results left-to-right. 46 40 + 6 XL + VI XLVI 125 100+20+5 C+XX+V CXXV

53 178 29 543 2011 Let’s practice! 50 + 3 LIII 100 + 70+ 8 CLXXVIII 20 + 9 XXIX 500+40+3 DXLIII 2,000 + 10 + 1 MMXI

The girls like the families. amant Puellae familias. -AE The girls like the families. -AS

The girls like the families. familias amant. Puellae -AE The girls like the families. -AS

The families like the girls. Familiae amant puellas. -AS The families like the girls. -AE

The families like the girls. Familiae puellas amant. -AS The families like the girls. -AE

The families like the girl. Familiae puellam amant. -AM The families like the girl. -AE

The girls like the family. familiam amant. Puellae -AM -AE The girls like the family.