Designing for Patient Safety: Building Capacity for Statewide Change Betsy Lee, BSN, MSPH Director, Indiana Patient Safety Center April 16, 2012

2 Indiana Patient Safety Center Mission To facilitate the development of safe and reliable health care systems that prevent harm to patients. Launched July 1, 2006

Indiana Facts: 6.1 million people 134 short term acute hospitals Aim: To facilitate the development of safe and reliable systems to prevent harm to patients Strategies: Regional “safety coalitions” Dynamic alliances and partnerships Multi-dimensional educational plan Balance clinical safety topics with tools and methods Embed capacity for systems redesign Engage front line staff and patients

Indiana’s Bold Aim: To make Indiana the safest place to receive health care in the United States, if not the world 4 Inaugural Indiana Patient Safety Summit - March 2010

Transformational Design Principles Focus on patients and families Align statewide efforts and energy Leverage regional coalitions and natural groups Distribute leadership Encourage “boundarylessness” Embrace both the personal and collective nature of change Emphasize outcomes and transparency 5

The Leadership Challenge Model the Way Inspire a Shared Vision Challenge the Process Enable Others to Act Encourage the Heart The Leadership Challenge Kouzes and Posner, 2002

Partnership for Patients Launched April 12, 2011 The 40/20 Goal Keep patients from getting injured or sicker. Reduce preventable hospital-acquired conditions by 40%. 1.8 million fewer injuries to patients, with more than 60,000 lives saved over the next three years. Help patients heal without complication. Reduce all hospital readmissions by 20%. 1.6 million patients will recover from illness without suffering a preventable complication requiring re-hospitalization within 30 days of discharge. 7

Hospital Engagement Network Overview Support the Partnership for Patients campaign Assist hospitals implement best practices to reduce harm & readmissions Provide education and build improvement capacity Ten Clinical Topics, Leadership, & Safety Culture 8

9 HRET/AHA HEN 34 states / 1,621 hospitals

Preventing Harm – Categories Reduce Readmissions Adverse Drug Events Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSI) Surgical Site Infections (SSI) Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Harm from Falls and Immobility Obstetrical Adverse Events Pressure Ulcers Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) 10

Additional Topics Leadership Systems Culture of Safety Teamwork and Communications Lean Training Innovation and Transformation Preventing All-Cause Harm 11

Indiana/HRET HEN Summary 120 Indiana hospitals aligned with IHA/HRET Includes: –26 critical access hospitals –8 psychiatric hospitals –5 rehabilitation hospitals –4 long term acute hospitals Other HENs in Indiana include: Ascension (18), VHA (3), NAPH (1), UHC (1), Ohio Children’s Hospital collaborative (1), Joint Commission Resources (1) 12

Needs Assessment HRET Survey – Indiana (February 2012): 111 of 120 hospitals responded Top requests for support include: –Readmissions - 88 –Falls - 60 –CAUTI 54 –Pressure Ulcers/SSI – 45 each –ADE - 42 Indiana hospitals report making good progress in VAP, CLABSI, SSI, Pressure Ulcers

I HA’s Plan Design 14 HRET (Prime Contractor) IHA (Subcontractor) Direct and Shared Services Support: Regional coalitions and affinity groups Administrative/organizational support Local support and facilitation Technical Assistance: Purdue Healthcare TAP and CMSA Individual hospital plans/assessments Statewide coaching network Communities of Practice (Lean, Med Safety) HRET National Education: Access to National Programs 4 groupings of 10 topics Plus HCAHPS,TeamSTEPPS (AHRQ funded activities) Fellowship Programs Stand-alone programs (Webinars educational sessions, etc) Learning networks Indiana Education: State and regional education: Key topics from needs assessment Tools training (Lean certification, medication safety, etc) Leadership for cultural improvement HRET Support: Measurement warehouse Best practice clearing house Access to national experts Partially defray data collection costs

HRET Resources HRET State Contacts Improvement Advisors AHA/HRET HEN Website Topic Specific Change Packages Data Collection System Fellowship – 4 Regional Offerings Topic Specific Collaboratives –Only offered in Chicago for 2012 (May, Aug, Nov) 15

HRET HEN Improvement Leader Fellowship Program Aim: Develop a cadre of front-line hospital improvement leaders in 1,500+ hospitals by 2013 Delivery Model: At least 4 series of three 2-day training sessions across the country Projected Outcome: Increase leadership capacity across the 34 states to lead ongoing improvement efforts 16

HRET Collaborative Design Aim:Provide an integrated approach for hospitals to work together on improving performance in topic specific collaboratives with structured & peer-to-peer exchange of ideas. 17 Share Tools Implementation Strategies Support Structure Networking Peer-to-Peer Learning

18 Ten regional coalitions cover Indiana: only state in the country with this model Members agree not to compete on patient safety Create layered model of regional coalitions and affinity groups – Indiana’s “transformation grid” to support dissemination Benefits: Innovate at the front lines Align with state and national efforts, and standardize when beneficial Model builds local and hospital- specific capacity for improvement and innovation Encourages safety leadership at all levels across multiple professions

Indiana HEN Activities Statewide improvement activities around the highest level of need as defined by the needs assessment Development of a statewide “coaching” network to support mentoring and sharing best practices as well as support innovation and implementation, and to link high performers to other hospitals in the state Regional and statewide support of culture, teamwork, and communications improvement as well as leadership for safety 19

Purdue University Resources Purdue University HealthcareTAP:  Regional Lean/Six Sigma green belt (2 per hospital) and black belt (1 per hospital) certification and training  Readmission computerized simulation  Lean Community of Practice Purdue Center for Medication Safety Advancement  Web-based medication safety continuing education (10 per hospital – RN, PharmD, MD)  Medication Safety Community of Practice  The Role of ADEs in Readmissions 20

Escalating Connections 21 Mentor/Coaching Network Affiliated Societies Affinity Groups Communities Of Practice Regional Patient Safety Coalitions HRET: Measurement National experts Education Fellowships Resources IHA HEN Building knowledge and collaboration Technical assistance Support regional coalition initiatives Lean/Six Sigma training (Purdue) Developing leaders to promote safe cultures Expanding medication safety competencies (Purdue) Peer-to-peer coaching IHA HEN Building knowledge and collaboration Technical assistance Support regional coalition initiatives Lean/Six Sigma training (Purdue) Developing leaders to promote safe cultures Expanding medication safety competencies (Purdue) Peer-to-peer coaching

Why is Data Needed? To demonstrate hospitals have reduced their Hospital Acquired Conditions and Readmissions over the 2 year period To monitor that interventions are working –Part of the PDSA cycle –Measures are used to assess the impact of changes

What Data is Needed? At a minimum, 1 process measure and 1 outcome measure –Process: measures how well the practice was followed –Outcome: measures the result of the intervention Both types may be linked and need to be monitored

Indiana Sepsis Mortality Rates

Key Elements of Enhancing Cultures Teamwork and communication Leadership engagement in safety strategies High reliability principles Eliminating fear Effective handovers and transitions

Successful Strategies Patient Safety Executive Rounds Patient Safety Ambassadors (front-line staff on each unit) Implement “Just Culture” program Emphasis on patient handoffs Daily nursing huddles Storytelling Regular event review sessions with staff Bedside change of shift report 26

AHRQ Culture of Safety Survey Of the 12 dimensions of culture measured in the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety, Handoffs and Transitions is the lowest average percent positive Subscale questions measure these perceptions: –Things “fall between the cracks” –Important information is lost at the change of shifts –Problems occur with the exchange of information across hospital units –Shift changes are problematic for patients 27

How do hand-offs fail? Omissions of content are a major cause of failed communication during handoffs. Arora,

Key Principles from the Literature Face-to-face, verbal, and interactive Providers come together and stay in a “zone of readiness and attention” during information sharing –Limit interruptions –Limit initiation of actions Not just about information exchange, but some type of written, structured tool is employed Includes time for anticipation and foresight Receiver does read-back to verify content Good teamwork as foundation 29

Common Components Introduction and brief patient history Overview of current situation Safety concerns or potential problems Plan (what’s next?) Anticipation, reflection, and foresight (what might go wrong?) - provide context Questions and verification 30

Clear and Complete Communication DRAW is a tool to communicate hand-off information SBAR - a tool to communicate a situation requiring immediate attention, a decision, or action. Situation Background Assessment Recommendation Diagnosis Recent changes Anticipated changes What to watch for Seton Family of Hospitals Austin, TX 2010

DRAW DRAW is a tool to communicate hand-off information and includes the items outlined by Joint Commission D – Diagnosis R – Recent Changes A – Anticipated Changes W – What to Watch for

Adapted DRAW Dr. James Buchanan – Ft. Wayne Medical Residency program Adapted the DRAW tool to incorporate: –Interaction between residents (could apply to nurses, too) – Defined role for sender and receiver for each step of the tool –Anticipatory critical thinking –Resident evaluation

Adapted DRAW - Roles D – Diagnosis – by SENDER R – Recent Changes – by SENDER A – Anticipated Changes – by SENDER (what lab results, tests, etc. can be expected on the next shift) AND RECEIVER (what might be expected to occur in the course of this patient’s illness during the coming shift?) W – What to Watch for? and What might Harm this Patient? RECEIVER

“Flexible Standardization” Incorporate the principles Test different models and roles before you implement Both flexibility and standardization are essential Customize/adapt to meet the needs of the local clinical setting. 35 Jorm, et al. Clinical handover: critical communications. Medical Journal of Australia. 190:11, June 2009

IHA’s Aim: To build workforce capacities and cultures of safety in all Indiana hospitals … the rising tide will “raise all boats”

“We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win…” -President John F. Kennedy Address at Rice University September 12,

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Contacts Betsy Lee, RN, MSPH Director, Indiana Patient Safety Coalition Indiana Hospital Association