Motivation/Emotion

Terms to Know for Motivation/ Emotion Drive Reduction Theory- A physical need creates a drive to satisfy the need. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs- Pyramid of human needs, each need must be met successfully to move up; ends with self- actualization.

Hunger Drive/ Weight Disorders- Both internal and external reasons for hunger; Anorexia, Bulimia and obesity Thirst Drive- Reduction of fluid in and outside of cell caused by sodium.

Sexual Response Cycle- Four stages of sexual responding- Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm and Resolution. Psychology of Sex- What motivate sex? Men and women respond to the same stimuli. Sexual Disorders- Problems that consistently impair sexual functioning. Sexual Orientation- Sexual attraction to members of a particular gender. –Heterosexual- Attraction to different gender. –Homosexual- Attraction to same gender.

Need to Belong- Harlow; we need people, we have a need for acceptance, we will change our actions to fit in with certain groups. Achievement Motivation- Desire for significant accomplishment. –Extrinsic- Desire to perform a behavior for reward or to avoid punishment –Intrinsic- Desire to perform a behavior for your own sake.

Leadership style- Task vs Social –Task- Focuses on goals, sets standards (dictator) –Social- Mediates conflict, builds teamwork (democratic) Theory X vs Theory Y –X-Constant monitoring of workers, hovers. –Y- Intrinsic motivation, share control. Industrial Organizational Psych.- Studies how mangers can best enhance the workplace.

James-Lange Theory- The arousal Comes before the emotion (pounding heart… fear) STIMULUS PHYSICAL CHANGE EMOTION Cannon-Baird Theory- The arousal comes at the same times as the emotion EMOTION STIMULUS PHYSICAL CHANGE Schachter- Singer Theory- Arousal paired with a cognitive label, then the emotion. ENVIRONMENTAL CUE THINKINGEMOTION STIMULUS PHYSICAL CHANGE

Yerkes Dodson Theory- Too much stress= bad; too little= bad; right amount = positive/optimal performance. Izard Theory- 10 basic emotions, cross- cultural, present in infancy, all other emotions are a combination of the original 10. Ekman’s Theory- Facial muscles are used to indicate emotion.

Opponent Process Theory- Emotions are in pairs (fear/relief; pleasure/pain) Adaptive-level Phenomenon- Ability to form judgments of sounds, lights, etc based on prior experience. Positive Psychology- Study of optimal human functioning. Aims to promote conditions that allow people to thrive. Stress- Process through which we perceive and respond to certain events that we decide if they are threatening or challenging.