Presented by: Leslie Wagner Brought to you by: Copyright 2013:PEER.tamu.edu

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 The by which organisms andfood material

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 Transports nutrients & metabolic waste Facilitates chemical reactions Regulates body temperature Lubricates & cushions joints & organs

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 Saturated vs UnsaturatedCell Lipid Bilayer Triglyceride molecule

 Water SolubleB VitaminsVitamin CFat SolubleVitamin AVitamin DVitamin EVitamin K

 20 Ca Mg P Na Cl S Fe Cu Mo I Co Se Mn Zn Macrominerals: Microminerals:

 Malnutriton

53% of these deaths are attributable to under-nutrition

 Obesity The condition of being obese; increase in body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat Obesity: 52.5% 58.3%

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 Weight Management Diet Management

 Weight Management Increase Exercise

  The first prescription drug aimed for canine weight-loss in the USA  Dirlotapide  Targets small intestine  Reduces fat absorption  Gives a feeling of satiety  Therefore reduces food intake  i.e. calories  Goal  Lose 3% of body weight every month  Different phases  Weight loss phase  Maintenance phase  Consult your veterinarian!

 Obesity in animals is associated with other health issues Diabetes mellitus Heart Disease Liver Disease Orthopedic Issues

  11 year old neutered male DSH  15 lbs ~BCS 7/9  Owner has noted recent weight loss  Lethargy  Polyuria  Polydipsia  Poor coat

 Diabetes in Animals Type I Pancreas unable to produce insulin Treatment is insulin dependent Most common type found in dogs Type II Pancreas makes insulin but body does not respond or is resistant to it Most often brought on by high carbohydrate diets Most common type found in cats Over weight cats are 2 times more likely to develop diabetes Obese cats are 4 times more likely to develop diabetes Over weight cats are 2 times more likely to develop diabetes Obese cats are 4 times more likely to develop diabetes

 Appetite can be excessive or absent Symptoms Sudden weight loss or gain Excessive drinking or urination Blurred vision and cataracts Weakness in back legs Thinning of skin

 Treatment Primary treatment is centered around diet and exercise If that is not enough than an insulin injection program will be implemented Primary treatment is centered around diet and exercise If that is not enough than an insulin injection program will be implemented

 A simple change of diet can go a long ways in helping to reduce the effects of diabetes. A low-carbohydrate diet reduces the amount of insulin needed and stabilizes blood sugar levels in cats. A high-fiber, moderate-carb diet has been recommended for dogs. Diet

  11 year old neutered male DSH  15 lbs ~BCS 7/9  Owner has noted recent weight loss  Lethargy  Polyuria  Polydipsia  Poor coat

 Type 1 Treatment Islet Cell Encapsulation – transplant of insulin-producing Islet cells encapsulated in permeable membrane to shield them from the immune system Islet Cell Regeneration – Involves a protein that is responsible for the regeneration of Islet cells and other important hormones in the pancreas – in clinical trials Islet cell development from stem cells Ongoing Research

 Gene Therapy – an oral medication consisting of viral vectors containing the insulin gene is digested and delivered to the upper intestines where it is reproduced Type 1 Treatment Immunization – a biochemical mechanism is being researched that prevents the immune system from attacking beta (insulin-producing) cells Type 1 Prevention Ongoing Research

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 Knowing the symptoms associated with Diabetes Understanding the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Prevention and treatment in animals and humans. Why is this important? Understanding Diabetes