Southwest “Anasazi” “Hopi” “Zuni” “Navajo” Mountain View Elementary School Harrisonburg, VA 22801

Location of Southwest The Anasazi are located in the desert that is the southwestern part of the USA. Today it is known as the Four corners and covers Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona. Picture Credit: http://www.nhusd.k12.ca.us/ALVE/NativeAmerhome.html/Navajo.html/Navajo_Land.html/nnmap.gif

Culture of Southwest They used animals skins for clothes. Picture Credit: http://www.nhusd.k12.ca.us/ALVE/NativeAmerhome.html/Navajo.html/Navajo_etc.html/Navajo_Music.html#dances

How they lived? They lived in adobe buildings. Some used cliffs made of sandstone for their homes. Their first floor had no doors or windows in order to keep thieves out. They used a ladder to get to the second floor of their house. Dry farming was used to grow the 3 sisters (corn, squash, and beans). Picture Credit: http://www.utep.edu/region19/modules/natast05/html/natast11.htm

Southwest Religion They believed in Spirits in nature. Kachina dances were done to bring rain to the crops. They also had kivas, a religious building Picture Credit: http://www.uwec.edu/Academic/curric/greidebe/Indigenous/Student.Web.Pages/Art.indigenous/web.kachina/pics-meanings.htm

Southwest Art The Southwest made pots, cloths, and baskets as well as jewelry and dolls. Picture Credit: http://inkido.indiana.edu/w310work/romac/art.htm

Southwest Clothing Their clothing was made from cotton but they didn’t need much since it was very hot They did wear moccasins. Picture Credit: http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/southwest.html

What happened to the Southwest? Many of the Southwest Native Americans have moved on to other places. Some Native Americans remain in the surrounding areas. Picture Credit: http://www.utep.edu/region19/modules/natast05/html/natast11.htm

Mound Builders “Mississippians”

Location of Mound Builders They lived in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. Picture Credit: http://www.cr.nps.gov/aad/feature/builder.htm

How the Mound Builders lived? They grew and ate maize (field corn). Cities were built on top of mounds of dirt. Picture Credit: http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/ancienttech/grinding_corn.html

Mound Builder Religion The Mound Builders’ got their name because they would bury people along with their goods in concical mounds on a hill. Many mounds contain hundreds of people buried on top of one another creating a mountain. Many of these mounds have tons of dirt and these people didn’t even have horses to help them. The people carried all the dirt! The largest mound is found in Cahokia, Illinois and contains about 40,000 people. Picture Credit: http://members.tripod.com/~IS335/monks.html

Mound Builder Religion 2 They believed that spiders and woodpeckers had special powers. They also had a leader known as the “Great Sun.” When he died, his wives were killed and buried with him so he would have them in the next life. Picture Credit: http://members.tripod.com/~IS335/monks.html

What happened to the Mound Builders? Most of them died as a result of the White man bringing disease with him from Europe. Picture Credit: http://members.tripod.com/~IS335/monks.html

Plains (1500-1800 AD) “Sioux”

Click Here to see 360 view of Buffalo! Location of Plains The Plains Native Americans lived in the middle of the USA on the plains (flat land). They especially lived in the Dakota prairies. Picture Credit: www.rootsweb.com/~rwguide/ notable/laura.htm Click Here to see 360 view of Buffalo!

Culture of Plains They had coup sticks for fighting other Native American tribes. If you could touch an enemy with a coup stick without getting killed, that was considered a great honor. Picture Credit: www.nativetribe.com/

How the Plains lived? They owned horses so they hunted buffalo. The dried meat they ate was called jerky. The 3 sisters (corn, squash and beans) were also grown. Their houses consisted of either lodges and hogans or teepees when they were hunting buffalo and had to move often. Picture Credit: http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/prehistory/settlements/regions/plains.html

Plains Art A calendar was kept on buffalo hide. This was called a Winter Count. Beads were also used for decoration. Picture Credit: http://www.galileo.org/tips/can-count/winter-tr.html

Plains Clothing Buffalo hides provided clothing for this tribe. Picture Credit: http://www.mce.k12tn.net/indians/reports4/plains.htm

What happened to the Plains? Many were killed by White European men. Picture Credit: : www.whitko.k12.in.us/buildings/ wms/staff/home/

Northwest “Tlingit”

Location of Northwest The Northwest Native Americans can be found in Southern Alaska. Picture Credit: http://www.mce.k12tn.net/indians/reports3/northwest.htm

Culture of Northwest Potlatch is the name given to parties in which the host gives a gift to all the guests and invites the guests to a feast for a few days. Picture Credit: www.heard.org/

How the Northwest lived? Fishing and whales provided the food. “Salmon Run” is famous because that is when the Northwest catches a lot of fish due to the migration of salmon up the rivers. They lived in wooden lodges. Picture Credit: http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/northwest.html

Northwest Religion & Art Totem poles are created out of wood to protect homes from bad spirits. Totem poles are created and many families have them outside their village or longhouse. Picture Credit: http://intergate.cccoe.k12.ca.us/mdtech/nativeamerican/kwakieutl/wood.htm

Northwest Clothing Animal skins and bark provided clothing for the Northwest. Picture Credit: http://www.nhusd.k12.ca.us/ALVE/NativeAmerhome.html/KWAKIUTLS.html/CLOTHING.html

What happened to the Northwest? The descendants still live in Alaska and continue to fish and hunt whale. In 1971, the USA gave some of their land back to them. Picture Credit: http://cooday8.tripod.com/alaska.htm

Inuits-”People” (Eskimoes)

Location of Inuits The Inuits can be found in northern Alaska and Canada. Picture Credit: http://ccins.camosun.bc.ca/~conklin/pages/martin/html/inuitlocation.htm

Culture of Inuits Husky dogs are used to pull sleds over the ice and snow. There are yearly races called the iditarod. Seal oil provides the fat for creating light similar to a candle. Picture Credit: http://www.iditarod.com/index.shtml

How the Inuits lived? Most Inuits live in an igloo. Harpoons are spears used to kill fish, seals, and even whales. Picture Credit: http://ccins.camosun.bc.ca/~conklin/pages/martin/html/inuitHousing.htm

Inuits Religion Anningan is the moon god shown on the right. The moon god is always chasing his sister, Malina, the sun goddess across the sky. Anningan forgets to eat so that is why the moon changes shape. Picture Credit: http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/anningan_moon.html

Inuits Art They Create masks for religious dances and also make wooden carvings. Toys for kids would be made from bone or wood. Picture Credit: http://ccins.camosun.bc.ca/~conklin/pages/martin/html/inuitRAC.htm

Inuits Clothing Picture Credit: http://ccins.camosun.bc.ca/~conklin/pages/martin/html/inuitdress.htm They wear heavy fur clothing to keep themselves warm along with boots for walking in the snow.

What happened to the Inuits? They still live in the cold, icy climate of Alaska and Canada today. Picture Credit: http://www.mce.k12tn.net/indians/reports3/inuit.htm

Eastern Woodland (1300-1600 AD) “Powhatan” “Iroquois” “Cherokee”

Eastern Woodland Location These Native Americans are located on the Eastern Coast of the USA which includes Virginia. Picture Credit: http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/woodland2.html

Eastern Woodland Culture In many tribes, the women had the power of leadership. The game la crosse was invented by this culture. Picture Credit: http://www.oneida-nation.net/lacrosse.html

How the Eastern Woodland lived? Longhouses and wigwams is what these tribes used for housing. Deer, rabbit, squirrel, moose, elk were hunted while the 3 sisters (squash, beans, and corn) were farmed. Click here to see a Native American village

Eastern Woodland Longhouse! Picture Credit: http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/woodland2.html

Eastern Woodland Religion They had visions. Most tribes believed in a supernatural being. Picture Credit: http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/woodland2.html

Eastern Woodland Art Wampum belts were used by the Iroquois to tell stories and keep history alive. Beads were also used for decoration. Weaving was also done by the women. Picture Credit: www.cshore.com/waabanaki/ images/wampbelt5lg.jpg

Eastern Woodland Clothing They used animals skins for clothing. They wore shirts, leggings, and moccasins. The children wore nothing. Picture Credit: www.cshore.com/waabanaki/ images/wampbelt5lg.jpg

What happened to the Eastern Woodland Native Americans? Many of the USA constitution ideas derived from the Iroquois Confederacy. Most were killed off by White men. However, some still live on reservations today. Picture Credit: www.cshore.com/waabanaki/ images/wampbelt5lg.jpg