Solubility Section 7.1
Solubility When we dissolve a solute in water, there is a point where no more will dissolve Saturated solution - a solution containing the maximum quantity of a solute at specific temperature and pressure conditions look for the presence of undissolved solids in the solution Solubility – the concentration of a saturated solution of a solute at a specific temperature and pressure Units for solubility are usually grams of solute per 100 mL of solvent (g/100mL)
Unsaturated solution = a solution containing less than maximum quantity of a solute at specific temperature and pressure conditions Supersaturated solution = a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances Other Important Terms
Solubility tables (pg. 324) ionic compounds are listed as having either high or low solubility at SATP (25°C and 100 kPa) anions paired with particular cations have either: High solubility OR Low solubility
Solubility Categories High solubility = with a maximum concentration at SATP (standard ambient temperature and pressure) of greater than or equal to 0.1mol/L Low solubility = with a maximum concentration at SATP of less than 0.1mol/L Insoluble = a substance that has a negligible solubility at SATP
Solubility of Solids Solubility of a solid changes with temperature Higher solubility at higher temperatures in industry, the solute is isolated from many solutions by evaporating the solvent this increases the concentration of a solution and once it is greater than the solubility, the solute crystallizes (precipitates) out Solubility Curve = a graph of solubility versus temperature
Solubility Curve of Solids (pg. 316)
Solubility of Gases Gases have a higher solubility at lower temperatures Think: Pop glass of cola sitting in the refrigerator as compared to one sitting on the kitchen counter Can of pop is also stored under pressure Increased pressure = increased solubility
Homework Worksheet: Solubility Curves & Solubility Tables