Shape of the Day Homework check: Reading Check p. 47 Modelling (no, not that kind) Notes on the Periodic Table Periodic Puzzle Activity Reading Check p. 57 After, read pgs

The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties Mr. Sangra Science 9

Learning Outcomes Introduced to the Periodic Table of the Elements What information the Table tells us Metals, Non-metals, and Metalloids Periods and Families

Origin of the Periodic Table Chemists, starting in the 10 th century wished to organize elements The first attempts focussed on grouping elements with similar properties Many scientists were trying to organize the elements into a table In 1867, Dmitri Mendeleev found patterns in the elements and organized them into a table The resulting table had holes for elements not yet discovered

The Periodic Table We still use Mendeleev’s table today, but we call it the Periodic Table of the Elements What is it exactly? Periodic Table: is a chart that organizes the elements according to their physical (what it looks like, feels like, melting and boiling point) and chemical (protons, neutrons, electrons) properties

The Periodic Table What does the table give us? 1) Element’s name 2) Element’s symbol 3) Atomic number 4) Atomic Mass 5) Ion charge(s)  H 1+

Definitions 1) Atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element. Always whole numbers. 2) Atomic Mass: the mass of an average atom of an element. It is always written as a decimal number and measured in atomic mass unit (amu) 3) Ion charge: an electric charge that forms on an atom when it gains or loses electrons. 4) Ion: any electrically charged atom Some elements have a multiple ion charge and can form ions in more than one way

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Metals, Non-metals, and Metalloids When Mendeleev arranged the elements according to their properties, some interesting patterns were created Ex. The elements form three groups 1) Metals 2) Non-metals 3) Metalloids Metalloids: elements that share some properties with metals and some with non-metals

What are the metalloids?

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Periods and Families Period: Each horizontal row in the Periodic Table They are numbered from one to seven Chemical families or groups are arranged in vertical columns Chemical family: elements that have similar physical and chemical properties They are numbered columns 1 to 18 There are four well known groups

Periods and Families Alkali metals (Group 1 excluding hydrogen): are highly reactive and reactivity increases as you go down the group. React with both oxygen and water Low melting point (below 200 o C) Soft and can be cut with a knife Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr  Name these elements! Lithium, Sodium Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

Periods and Families Alkaline earth metals (Group 2): are less reactive than alkali metals but burn in air if heated Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra  Name these elements! Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium Produce bright flames  used in fireworks Ex. Strontium React with water but not as much as Alkali metals

Periods and Families Halogens (Group 17): non-metals and are highly reactive F, Cl, Br, I, At  Name these elements! Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine Fluorine is the most reactive; iodine is the least reactive Astatine is incredibly rare. We don’t know much about it at all!

Periods and Families Noble Gases (Group 18): are the most stable and unreactive elements in the periodic table He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn  Name these elements! Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon At room temperature Colourless gases Odourless gases

Periods and Families

Recap You have learned about: Elements Symbols Properties of metals, non-metals, and metalloids Periods and Families Alkali, Alkaline, Halogens, and Noble gases Time for activity! Turn to p. 53 in textbook Do Reaching Check pg. 57, Q’s 1-5