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SPORTS MEDICINE  Multi-disciplinary approach to health care for those seriously involved in exercise and sport  Study and application of scientific and medical knowledge to aspects of exercise and athletics  Aims to promote health and fitness while preventing, treating, and rehabilitation injury

 Athletic Training  Biomechanics  Medical Practice  Orthopedics  Physician Assistant  Dentist  Ophthalmologist  Physical Therapy  Exercise Physiology  Neurologist  Sport Nutritionist  Sport Psychologist  Massage Therapy  Certified Strength & Conditioning

 Late 19 th to early 20 th century  Desire to understand and extend the limits of human performance  Developed into a recognized field in early 20 th century  1954: American College of Sports Medicine  Intended to guide the convergence of different fields with a common focus directed toward the goal of national health and fitness  Athletic competition and participation continues to rise  True sports medicine specialists have training that allows them to specifically address the needs of the athlete

WHAT IS ATHLETIC TRAINING?  The rendering of specialized care to individuals involved in exercise and athletics  Prevention, recognition, evaluation and care of injuries  Certified Athletic Trainer: highly educated and skilled professional who specializes in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries

 Galan: physician and philosopher  Regarded as one of the greatest physicians of the classical period  Contributed volumes to science of medicine  Trainer and physician to gladiators in ancient Rome  Roman Empire falls  Middle Ages—few advancements in medicine  Renaissance  Human body actively studied  Leonardo da Vinci: contributions to science & human body outshine all preceding  Field continues to grow  Sports popular, even commercialized  more ATC’s needed  Educational requirements for ATCs increase  Public insists that highly educated professionals work on their child

1. Team physician— absolute authority in determining participation status 2. Athletic Trainer 3. Coach 4. Athlete  Parent?  Specialist?

TITLE IX  Federal legislation in effect since1972  Prohibits discrimination in school athletic participation on the basis of sex  Tremendous increase in female athletic participation, creating an even greater need for qualified certified athletic trainers

 1950: NATA formed, establishing professional standards for the athletic trainer  1991: American Medical Association (AMA) recognized athletic training as allied health profession

 Must graduate from an undergraduate or graduate program accredited by Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)  Pass certification exam  Maintain certification with continuing education

 Human anatomy  Human physiology  Psychology  Kinesiology  Biomechanics  Exercise physiology  Personal community health  Nutrition  Prevention of athletic injuries/illness  Evaluation of athletic injuries/illness  Therapeutic modalities  Therapeutic exercise  Administration of athletic training programs

 First aid and emergency care  General medical conditions and disabilities  Health care administration  Medical ethics and legal issues  Pathology of injury/illness  Pharmacology  Professional development and responsibilities  Psychosocial intervention and referral  Risk management and injury/illness prevention  Strength training and reconditioning  Statistics and research design  Weigh management and body composition

 Fulfill requirements  Tested in 6 domains: 1. Prevention of athletic injuries 2. Recognition, evaluation, and assessment of injuries 3. Immediate care of injuries 4. Treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning of athletic injuries 5. Health care administration 6. Professional development and responsibility

 To establish standards for entry into the profession of athletic training  Standards set by the National Athletic Trainers’ Board of Certification (NATABOC)

ATC ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Prevention 2. Recognition, Evaluation, & Immediate Care 3. Rehabilitation Course of Action 4. Administration 5. Professional Development 6. Personal Skills

 Pre-Participation Screening (PPE)  Conditioning  Total body  Sport or injury specific  Monitoring Environmental Conditions  Field conditions  Weather  Properly Fitted Equipment  Educate  Parents, coaches, athletes

 Emergency  Acute  Course of Action

 Short Term  Long Term  Return to Play

 Documentation  Daily records  Treatment logs  Insurance  Family history  Medications  Surgeries  Written Guidelines  Policy and Procedures  Daily operations  Rules/regulations  EAP  Scheduling

 Organizations/Associations :  NATA  NATABOC  AMA  CAATE  ACSM  NSCA  AOSSM  Membership in Different Professional Organizations  Stay current in certification  CEU  Be active in organizations

1. Know the Athlete:  Medical History past/current  Injuries, allergies, meds, contact lens, dental appliances  Personality  Low tolerance vs. high tolerance 2. Know the Sport:  Fundamentals  Demands of sport  Same injury  In one sport not cleared, in another can play

3. Remain Calm:  Self calm  Calm the athlete  Very difficult to assess if the athlete is scared, excited, and anxious 4. Alert:  Observe all athletes  Limping, down, acting unusual 5. Good Judgment:  Common sense

6. Experience:  Confidence  Assessment skills 7. Patience (with):  Evaluation  Athlete  Self

8. Referral:  Record all information  Send to physician  Doubts, concerns  Clearance

WHAT PERSONAL QUALITIES MAKE A GOOD ATHLETIC TRAINER?

 Problem solving ability  Deductive reasoning skills  Good judgment  Good decision making skills  Proficient knowledge of anatomy, physiology, biology, and advanced first aid  Motor skills  Communication skills  Ability to work well with people  Ability to work well under stressful conditions  Ability to maintain poise in emergencies

 Conditioning and Fitness  Proper Nutrition  Know Risk of Sport  Report Injuries  Active Role in Rehab

 Secondary School  College/University  Professional Teams  Sports Medicine Clinic/Physical Therapy  Industrial Setting  Hospital/Outreach  Non-Traditional

 Usually faculty-athletic trainer position  Compensation based on:  Released time from teaching  Stipend as coach  Provide limited coverage

 Small Institutions  Part-time teacher, part-time athletic trainer  Multiple sports  Also provide coverage to intramurals & club programs  Long hours  Limited resources  Major Institutions  Full-time athletic trainers  Works only for dept of athletics  One sport  Long hours!  Abundance of resources, personnel

 Perform specific team athletic training duties for 6 months per year  Works with only one team or organization  Under contract, similar to players

 More ATCs employed in this setting than in any other  Varies from clinic to clinic  Most ATCs treat patients with sports-related injuries in am & contract out to high schools in pm  Salaries are typically slightly higher than in more traditional settings  May be responsible for marketing of sports medicine program

 Becoming common for ATC to work in a prevention role  Oversee fitness and injury rehabilitation programs for employees  Must understand concepts behind ergonomics  May be assigned to conduct wellness programs & provide education and individual counseling  Also employed by federal law enforcement agencies (i.e.. FBI, CIA, DEA)

 X-Games  Dance Company  Olympics (Summer & Winter sports)