What is new on mobility strategies in Europe to learn from for Czech and Slovak municipalities? Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens Central MeetBike Expert Seminar

Content 1.European mobility strategies 2.Sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMP), soon a must!? 3.Good reasons to require strategic sustainable planning versus isolated decisions and measures 4.Example SUMP Dresden 2025 Plus 5.Answers to selected questions from Czech and Slovak cities

EU Policy Context Treaty of Amsterdam: Sustainable development as an objective for the Community Gothenburg European Council: Agreement on a strategy for sustainable development White Paper on Transport Policy 2001: A modern transport system must be sustainable for economic, social and environmental reasons White Paper Mid-term Review 2006: Mobility must be disconnected from its negative side-effects rather than from economic activity The introduction of the concept of co-modality Green Paper on Urban Transport 2007: To be effective, urban mobility policies need to be based on an approach, which is as integrated as possible Continuously setting of standards for emissions and concentrations of pollutants and required environmental impact assessments

Action Plan on urban mobility [COM(2009) 490] – State of play February 2012 Based upon the results of the consultation process on the Green Paper the European Commission adopted the Action Plan on urban mobility on 30 September 2009: Action 1:Accelerating the take-up of sustainable urban mobility plans Action 2: Sustainable urban mobility and regional policy Action 3: Transport for healthy urban environments Action 4: Platform on passenger rights in urban public transport Action 5: Improving accessibility for persons with reduced mobility Action 6: Improving travel information Action 7: Access to green zones Action 8: Campaigns on sustainable mobility behaviour Action 9: Energy-efficient driving as part of driving education Action 10: Research and demonstration projects for lower and zero emission vehicles

Action Plan on urban mobility [COM(2009) 490] – State of play February 2012 Action 11: Internet guide on clean and energy-efficient vehicles Action 12: Study on urban aspects of the internalisation of external costs Action 13: Information exchange on urban pricing schemes Action 14: Optimising existing funding sources Action 15: Analysing the needs for future funding Action 16: Upgrading data and statistics Action 17: Setting up an urban mobility observatory Action 18: Contributing to international dialogue and information exchange Action 19: Urban freight transport Action 20: Intelligent transport systems (IST) for urban mobility

White paper 2011 Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system Visions – strategies – initiatives 2.2 Promoting more sustainable behaviour 27. Promote awareness of the availability of alternatives to individual conventional transport (drive less, walk and cycle, car-sharing, park and ride etc.)

White paper 2011 Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system 2.3 Integrated urban mobility 31 Urban mobility plans Establish procedures and financial support mechanisms at European level for preparing urban mobility audits, as well as urban mobility plans, and set up a European urban mobility scoreboard based on common targets. Examine the possibility of a mandatory approach for cities of a certain size, according to national standards based on EU guidelines. Link regional development and cohesion funds to cities and regions that have submitted a current, and independently validated urban mobility performance and sustainable audit certificate. Examine the possibility of a European support framework for a progressive implementation of urban mobility plans in European cities. Integrated urban mobility in a possible smart cities innovation partnership. Encourage large employers to develop corporate/mobility management plans.

Guidelines Developing and Implementing a SUMP Source:

Continuous SUMP-planning process (elements and activities) Source: Characteristics: Continuous process Clear goals and objectives Control of transport demand Use of scenarios Evaluation and control (quality management) Integrated hard and soft measures Step by step true prices for users Participation of the public

Key factors for success cooperation political will and strength stable majorities consensus and acceptance political decisions on goals, strategies and concepts adoption of the strategies and decisions by formal plans

Key factors for success Formal planning processes: Participants and processes are regulated by law. Further participation is possible (e.g. land-use plan, public transportation plan) Other informal planning processes: Not regulated by law. How communication and participation is organized is developed by the planers (e.g. general transport plan, individual plans) conventional way of planning internal consulting internal decision AnnouncementDefenceImplementation? ? co-operative planning Pick up information open consulting poised decide Implementation

SUMP-process in Germany 1. Pre-orientation Initial point: deficiencies and suggestions of concepts, legal requirements 2. Problem Analysis Status quo analysis Development of guidelines / goals and objectives Detecting deficiencies and chances 3. Development of Measures Development of concepts with measures Impact assessment Evaluation 4. Balancing and Decision 5. Implementation and Ex-post Evaluation Step by step realisation of the concept Ex post evaluation decision or acceptance by policy maker exchange effects feed back loop LEGEND:

Germany: The role of transport master planning before and today Federal and state plans Regional plans, land-use plans Formal implementation plans B e f o r e Transport Master Plan (TMP) coordination and frame for different traffic and transport plans and other municipal sectorplans CAP – Clean Air Plan, NAP – Noise Action Plan, PTP – Required Public Transport Plan T o d a y coordinates and frame only for PTPNAPCAPTMP leftover traffic plans

Transport or mobility master plan (SUMP) Strategy and coordination tool Federal and state plans Regional plans, land-use plans Transport or mobility master plan (SUMP) PTP diff. traffic plans CAPNAP Further sector plans of municipality Formal implementation plans Strategic orientation and coordination

Strategic-conceptional level (periodical)  Goals, objectives  Analysis, methods, scenarios  strategies, concepts Level of measures and implementation (implementation oriented)  Sector plans (CAP, NAP, PTP)  Transport plans  Measures for areas  Single measures and projects Data, modelling, reporting Two Levels of mobility master planning Continuous professional tasks Information and participation Evaluation of measures and strategiesProcess evaluationInformation of policy, administration and publicParticipation of policy, administrations and public

Just thinking of isolated measures is dangerous SUMP allows development of strategically consistent measures under consideration of causal and side effects Dynamic changes of population, economics and behaviour require constant adjustment and planning SUMP is necessary to coordinate different plans Broad cooperation and consensual planning approaches ease implementation of measures in the end.

Just thinking of isolated measures is dangerous Strategies and concepts improve legal acceptance SUMP and strategies will be precondition for obtaining national or European funding Master plans are cost efficient and reduce the risk of uncalculated unexpected costs. You only have to create the database for all the projects once and not always again for each single one. Master plan set the frame for step by step goal achievement Isolated thinking and acting causes easily undesired negative side effects and unexpected costs

Example Dresden Population and motorization

Example Dresden Modalsplit in Dresden

Example Dresden Dresden in comparison with other German cities

Example Dresden Dresden‘s mobility strategy in the past

Example Dresden SUMP Dresden The new strategic bridge

Example Dresden SUMP Dresden Communication and cooperation Source: Mohaupt, M.: City of Dresden 2025 plus, sustainable urban mobility plan (SUMP), Annual POLIS conference 2011, 29. November 2011, Brüssel

Example Dresden SUMP Dresden Results of scenarios km per day by cars, public transport and bicycles cars public transport bicycle Source: IVAS/IVV (2011) for the City of Dresden

Questions from Czech and Slovak cities What is the hierarchy of German transport and conceptual documents and what is their binding character? Conceptual documents are normally informal and voluntary. They prepare formal documents (which integrate all modes and problems) an decisions Indirect possibilities to create binding effects: 1.Self binding through inclusion in formal follow-up processes and decisions 2.Link informal plans with finance- and investment planning 3.Ensure cooperation/coordination of different sector plans 4.Use incentives of funding programs (In Germany state money for transport infrastructure requires as basis a mobility master plan) 5.Informal consultation, assistance on organisational and management questions (e.g. a review group on sustainable transport and evaluation) 6.Moderation of plan assessments and processes to find consensus and agreement

Questions from Czech and Slovak cities How to enforce measures that are unpopular? Expert‘s truth:Popular measures are not effective, effective measures are not popular. 1.Clear goals and umbrella or master plans help. 2.Use the principle of “carrots and sticks” (package solutions) Example: A clear parking concept for all modes also considers bicycles. When city council decides on a new parking garage the decision should be accompanied by measures how to improve the spaces gained on streets and in public places.

Questions from Czech and Slovak cities Is there an active effort to reduce the increase of car traffic using other modes of transport? 1.The power of parking policy is accepted. Since the 80ies you do not find free parking in German cities any more. Through this, parking spaces are not blocked any more by employees. They either pay or use public transport, bicycle or their own feet. Parking management secures accessibility for customers and commercial traffic by cars. 2.Highest road capacities are needed in inner cities, where the corridors from outside merge. In order to keep traffic in the centres at a satisfactory level, the access has to be limited and controlled from the outer areas. Roads leading to the city which have a too high capacity are often one of the major causes of congestion and stop and go in the inner cities. Ramp and access metering is one of the answers of traffic engineers.

Questions from Czech and Slovak cities How can public and decision makers get convinced that more walking and bicycling is good for the city and helps to ease congestion? Where the number of arriving cars his higher than the service rate at intersections the result is congestion. The higher the amount of people using cars, the worse traffic conditions are. It is impossible to increase capacity of all bottle-necks in the network. Where supply is improved, demand increases automatically (induced car-traffic through better roads) Each pedestrian and each cyclist who does not use a car does something against traffic jam. He and the users of public transportation are the best friends of car drivers. This knowledge and understanding is simple but not well known and accepted. Central MeetBike will work an that.

Thank you for your attention Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens