What is a report? A report is a formal document prepared by one person or a group of people who have been studying a particular subject. An example in.

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Presentation transcript:

What is a report? A report is a formal document prepared by one person or a group of people who have been studying a particular subject. An example in the PDF file

There are two basic kinds of reports The first simply provides information on a topic and gives a brief conclusion or summary at the end. Example: a report on the educational system in a particular country, written to help someone research the subject 2. The second sets out to identify strengths and weaknesses in a particular situation and make recommendations for improvement. Example: a report on the library facilities in a college written at the request of the principal.

Structure of a report Title Introduction: State what the report is about Body: Presents the information/reality/’findings’ about the topic Present recommendations /suggestions 4. Conclusion: Present brief information of the report

Language and register Reports are the most impersonal kind of writing and it is usually best to avoid expressing personal opinions or feelings, except, perhaps, in the conclusion. Instead of I think that … or I found that… for example, you can use the impersonal “It” construction and a passive, eg It seems that… It was found that … It is also advisable to avoid making very definite statements unless you’re absolutely sure they’re true. Instead of saying It is for example, you can use a modal verb eg It could/may/might be or a more tentative expression such as It seems to be or It tends to be.

Layout and organisation Reports should have a clear factual heading and may also have subheadings which divide the writing into shorter sections. The information should be organised and presented as clearly and logically as possible, with a short introduction explaining the aims of the report and how the information was obtained and a suitable conclusion, summing up the information and making recommendations if necessary.

Example Traffic in Dalat Introduction: Xxx xxx xx xx x x x x x xxxx x The current situation: Xxx xx x xxx x xx x Recommendations: Xxx xx xx xx xx x xxxx xx Conclusion: Xx xx xxx xx xxx x

Useful language The aim of this report is to.....It is based on… Introduction: The aim of this report is to.....It is based on… This report is intended to.....It draws on ... This report looks at / describes...It uses..

Reporting an observation: It seems/appears that.. It was found that.. The majority / minority of … It was felt that .. Quoting: According to … As X said… In the words of … Speculating: It may / could / might (well) be that .. Generalising: In general On the whole In the main

Commenting: Interestingly Curiously Oddly Strangely Surprisingly Predictably As might be (have been) expected It is interesting that Making a recommendation: It is recommended that .. (Perhaps) it would be advisable for X to (do) (Perhaps) X might /should consider Summing up: To sum up / To summarise On balance In short

TIPS 1. Tense. Read the question carefully. What tense should the REPORT be in? 2. Layout. (Mise en page) This should be very tidy and well organized with underlined sub-headings. (I have put my subheadings in bold) 3. Imagine that the report is real!