Measures of Emotional and Behavioral Functioning Presentation PSY/475

Introduction According to Tougas (2010), measures of feelings and behavioral operating include accusative Personality tests, projective methods in testing, and an understanding of assesses of Personality, interests, and powers.

Objective vs. Projective Objective – restrictive responses Projective – interpreted responses Objective – ordinal scale or true/false Projective – ink blots or pictures The combining of features and personal treats that impart to the individuality of the person is defined as Personality. An individual's personality is measured by the personality test. These tools are either objective that means the results are closed to awareness. Form some specific questions Information are collected which have a alternative list of answers (Grinnell, 2011). Projective tests are projected to trigger the personal's sensing of an event or position. The various pictures used by TAT for instance and allows the subject to interpret the picture. The clinician measures personality traits or determine personality disorders from these interpretations. These attributes and characteristics conclude a person's ability to work well alone or with others. It can determine the honesty, reliability and work nature of a person. Our current focus is the Objective testing. The word restrictive is actually better Instead of closed response . It still entails that the subject is only permitted to response what has been inquired in conformance with an prime scale or true/false questions. These kinds of tests have had extreme effectiveness trials to confirm that the subject choosing these tests is saying the truth (Grinnell, 2011). In terms of projective testing this has been a problem in recent past time. Even though he or she is sensing the opposite The subject can illustrate the scenes and pictures as being positive . Only a experienced clinician would be capable to spot the incompatibilities.

Types of Objective Personality Tests Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Myers-Briggs There are many kinds of objective personality tests. We are pointing on two: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Myers-Briggs. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is pointed on personality attribute and psychopathology. The test issue for this primary subjects are the Individuals thought to have mental health troubles or additional clinical. It applies the true/false pattern and takes about 30 to 50 minutes for windup. The MMPI is assorted as a protected psychological apparatus. Psychologists test are the only authorized individuals to supervise and others in the psychological field. Before this test is given the subject usually undergoes a clinical interview (Framingham). One of the most inventive objective personality tests presently used is considered as the Myers-Briggs. But it does not intend that it has better accuracy or validity than that of any other tests. It just means the rendering of the data is simple to understand and the arguments of the tests are more liberal than most. It is having four parameters which puts the theme in one of two personality categorizations based on Jung’s theories. The two parameters combined produce 16 different personality cases. The parameters are attitudes (extraversion vs introversion), functions with sensing, functions with thinking and lifestyles (judging vs perception) (Psychologicaltesting.com).

Conclusion Objective personality tests like the Myers-Briggs and MMPI can supplier clearer answers and cut down the deception.

Uses of Objective Personality Tests -Clinical -Counseling -Personnel Selection -Research There are four main uses of objective personality test. Clinical psychologist is the first and very common use of objective personality test. They generally use these test to sustain a standardized admiration of personality attributes and characteristics. For clinical psychologist it is very common to use objective personality tests initially in the appraisal of a client and afterward during treatment of the client in the way to process changes. Counseling needs is he use of objective personality test. frequently this test is applied to build personality profiles of persons during treatment. A family or couple that is in counseling is a good example. It would be helpful to know each individual’s personality. Personnel selection is the third reason to use personality test . Generally ability and  acquirement tests are used, if personality test used in conjunction with the others it can be very beneficial. This can drop out any problem employees such as the problems with integrity (Hogan, 2007). It can also help in selecting a person with fixed personality attributes that are prognostic to success in a particular occupation or vocation.

Uses of Objective Personality Tests (cont.) 3 categories of research uses: Structure of personality and basic research about nature Clinical application of objective personality tests The correlation between personality characteristics and other variables To research the individual personality Objective personality tests are frequently used. In all existence, personality tests were prepared to research personality concepts as opposed for employed usage of the tests. The research of objective personality tests belongs to three classes. The first category belong to enquiring basic knowledge about quality and the pattern of personality itself. Personality theories are developed by using this information (Hogan, 2007). The second class is the clinical application of the test. This concepts usually points on the validity and dependability of each test for many other types of community. How do persons living in single parent homes execute on a special test? Is a good example for this. The third and final use of research is to conclude how personality characteristics belongs to other variables. The analysis of correlation between variables is unlimited.

Projective Techniques Characteristics of Projective Techniques Ambiguous Stimuli Constructed Response Format Functions of Projective Techniques Assesses individual cases Research For projective techniques There are two key features .First the tests generally include the ambiguous stimuli means it is not clear what the test stimulant means in the starting. This is a contraposition to the items which can be determined in objective personality tests. The second characteristics of projective techniques is that they hold a constructed response pattern or which is known as a free response pattern. Projective hypothesis is the reasoning known behind the projective techniques. The response will be able to find out the person being tested personality dynamics since The incentive for the response is ambiguous . In projective techniques principal uses is that they are used for judgment of individual issues and which is used for research. These tests can be used in clinical, counseling and school psychology to assess cases (Hogan, 2007).

Projective Techniques Cont. Example of Projective Techniques Rorschach Inkblot Test Materials Administration Scoring The Rorschach inkblots include 10 bilaterally regular blots and each blot seems on a cardboard about 6 x 9 inches. On the back the cards are number with roman numerals and right upper edge of the card. Since it goes back to addresses to typical or atypical responses to the cards named by these numbers so these roman numerals are important. There was no standard instruction for scoring or administering the 10 inkblots in Hermann Rorschach’s book the Psychodiagnostik , after his expiry in 1922 many psychologists have formulated a system for administering and scoring. Five systems of scoring are the systems of Beck, Klopfer, Hertz, Rapaport and Piotrowski. Along with these there is also the Holtzman Inkblot technique which has some conflicts from the Rorschach. He allowed only one response for each inkblot is a good example for this(Hogan, 2007).

The difference between Personality Measures and Measures of Interests and Attitudes Used for Clinical purposes Counseling Purposes Personnel Selection Research To provide a standard appraisal of an individuals attributes and characteristics (Hogan, 2007) Personality measures or tests are used .For Personality tests there are four major and each of them provides particular information in views to an individuals personality. With the clinical uses we start, this test help find out a treatment for an individual were the changes of the personal can be authenticated. Personality tests can help to find what the trouble is in a relationship in the Counseling. It can be useful to find out what kind of therapy a couple required. In Individual Selection a personality test can used to find out if an person will have success in a fixed occupation or are trouble employees concentrate on finding the personals with personality (Hogan, 2007). With analysis a personality test can assist investigate personality concepts rather than assist to find out how to use the effects of a test to improve an personal. To develop a personality theories research can be used with ease, It determine weather tests and scores are reasonable and valid. And they can also find out how personality attribute relate to other concepts(Hogan, 2007).

The difference between Personality Measures and Measures of Interests and Attitudes cont. Career Oriented Strong Interest Inventory Kuder Career Search Self-Directed Search (SDS) The purpose of the tests rather than the nature of the test is the most important difference. Which means that it only depends the test is being used for what. When first psychologist assured interests as to find out what an person was interest in doing, Which type of career was more desirable for them is the good example for this (Hogan, 2007). With these kinds of test they can conclude if you were the kind of person for which school oriented for a fixed occupation. The type of test that can find out the measurement of career interests is the Strong Interest Inventory (Hogan, 2007). Which means that it can determine what type of job is right for you. Kuder in the other hand is a test that brings career awareness, provides educational programs for you. By this it help meet you up with a vocational that meets your interests and powers.

The difference between Personality Measures and Measures of Interests and Attitudes cont. Measures of Attitude: This kind of measure helps to find out the behavior Attitude is generally determined by Feelings and Emotions Different scales of assessing attitude The attitude can be measured with lot of things how we feel with some fixed objects or things. This kinds of assess helps to find out the behavior of a person. By this we can tell if a individual is not fulfilled with their job or they can have different feelings that can induce them not to execute. There are three kind of scales which are used to assess attitude and these are the Likert Method of Summated Ratings, Thurstone’s Method of Equal Appearing Intervals, Guttmann's Scalogram Analysis. It is hard to determine the difference between the three. Since they fall in almost the same kind of category. With these degrees different kind of a question can be involved to find if an person likes or does not like some fixed things. The three, personality, interests and attitude are related to each other were one advance to another.

Conclusion According to Tougas (2010), primarily used for counseling is the personality tests , research, and hiring patterns, as the aim of the test is to evaluate personality in an attempt to categorize and understand a person or group of person’s behavior.

References Framingham, Jane. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/lib/2011/minnesota-multiphasic-personality-inventory-mmpi/all/1/ Grinnell, Renee. (2011 November 30). Objective Personality Tests. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/encyclopedia/2009/objective-personality-tests/ Psychologicaltesting.com. Objective Personality Tests. Retrieved from http://www.psychologicaltesting.com/objectiv.htm Hogan, T. P. (2007). Psychological testing: A practical introduction (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Tougas, J. (2010). Measurements of emotional and behavioral functioning . Retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/relationship-psychology-in-billings/measurements-of-emotional-and- behavioral-functioning-online-dating