Blood Types Summary. American Red Cross Statistics.

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Presentation transcript:

Blood Types Summary

American Red Cross Statistics

Antigens and Antibodies Antigens – Carbohydrates (sugars) that signal antibodies – Illustrated with the colored shapes Ex. Yellow triangle = A antigen, Blue Circle = B Antigen, Brown Square = Rh Antigen Antibodies – Destroy foreign particles (ex. Anti-A antibody destroys cells that possess any A antigen (yellow triangle) Your body will produce antibodies to destroy any foreign particles, but will not produces antibodies to destroy antigens you normally have – Ex. Type A blood types have type A antigens – The body will produce anti-B antibodies but will not produce anti-A antibodies

Genetics of Blood Type- ABO System I A I B and i are the three possible copies of genes (alleles) I A allele will give A antigen (anti-B antibodies) I B allele will give B antigen (anti-A antibodies) i allele will give no antigens (anti-A and anti-B antibodies)

Phenotypes ABO System I A I A - type A (homozygous for A antigen) I A i – type A (A antigen and no B antigen) I B I B - type B (homozygous for B antigen) I B i- type B (B antigen and no A antigen) I A I B - type AB (A antigen and B antigen) – Codominance – Both A and B antigens are expressed (neither is “dominant”; both are “strong”) ii- type o (No antigens at all)

Rh Factor RH comes from experiments done on the Rhesus Monkey RH Factor is another way for scientists to categorize blood (blood types) Possible phenotypes: – RH factor Have it (RH positive; +) Don’t have it (RH negative; -)

Antigen/Antibody RH antigen – RH + Means you have RH Antigen (brown square) – RH - Means you do not have RH Antigen RH Antibodies – RH + No antibodies (because they would recognize the RH factor on your blood cells and destroy them) – RH - Make antibodies against RH antigen (cannot receive + blood if you are -)

How is RH Factor Inherited? RH factor is inherited by a simple dominant and recessive relationship where: R = RH positive (dominant) r = RH negative (recessive) Therefore RR or Rr gives Rh+ blood (has Rh antigen) and rr gives Rh- blood (no antigen)

Updated Blood Donation Chart

Hemolytic Disease

Solution? Mother takes a shot of Rh immunoglobulin also known as RhoGAM – Prevents mom’s anti-Rh antibodies from “attacking” the Rh positive blood of the baby Taken around the 28 th week of pregnancy, then again after birth if the child is Rh (+)