By: Jacob Miller & Bryce Schimon Period 5 The Urinary System By: Jacob Miller & Bryce Schimon Period 5

Main Functions Produces, stores and eliminates Urine Regulates electrolyte balance Controls blood volume Maintains blood pressure

Essential Parts Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

Functions of Essential Parts Kidneys- helps maintain homeostasis Ureters- runs parallel to vertebral column, carries urine from kidneys to bladder Bladder- it lies within the pelvic cavity, behind the symphysis pubis and beneath the parietal peritoneum. It stores urine and forces it into the urethra Urethra – lies between bladder to the outside of the body - conveys urine from the urinary bladder to the outside

Structure of Urinary System The Urinary system may also be called the Renal System because this group of inter-connected body parts contains many tissues and organs The Urinary system contains two narrow tubes that transfer urine from the kidneys to the bladder which are called Ureters The structure of the urinary system also includes collecting ducts, convoluted tubules and blood vessels

The Kidneys Role The kidneys are a bean shaped organ with a smooth surface and lie on either side of the vertebral column in a depression high on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity The Renal Sinus is a hollow chamber that allows the passing of blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and the ureter The Kidneys role is to maintain homeostasis by regulating the composition ,volume and pH of the extracellular fluid. They do this by removing metabolic waste from the blood and diluting them with water and electrolytes to form urine

Pathway of Blood to Kidneys Renal Arteries supply blood to the kidneys Renal artery enters a kidney through the hilum and gives off several branches called interlobar arteries The interlobar arteries branch, forming a series of incomplete arches called arcuate arteries which then give rise to interlobar arteries Final braches lead to nephrons Finally the renal vein then joins the inferior vena cava as it courses through the abdominal cavity.

Nephrons Nephrons consists of renal corpuscle and a renal tubule Nephrons main function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances Fluid flows through renal tubules on its way out the body Renal Corpuscle – is composed of a tangled cluster of blood capillaries called glomerulus which is the 1st step in urine formation. Glomerular capillaries filter fluid Glomerular Capsule- is a thin walled, saclike structure that surrounds glomerulus . It receives the fluid that the glomerulus filters

Urine Formation Formation begins with filtration of plasma by glomerular capillaries, this is called glomerular filtration Most of the fluid is reabsorbed into the blood stream One capillary bed filters, the filtered fluid then moves into the renal tubule where majority of it becomes urine Tubular Reabsorption moves substances from tubular fluid back into the blood Tubular secretion moves substances from the blood within peritubular capillary into the renal tube Kidney chooses what substances to keep Extra fluid being eliminated is urine

Composition of Urine Composition of urine is different for everyone and based off of how much water they drink Urine is about 95% water Contains urea and uric acid May contain amino acids and a variety of electrolytes

Urea vs. Uric Acid Urea Uric Acid Urea is a by-product of amino acid catabolism Urea enters the renal tubule by filtration Uric Acid Product of the metabolism of certain organic bases of nucleic acids Active transports reabsorbs all the uric acid present in the glomerular but a small amount is secreted into the renal tubule and excreted in urine

Process of Urine Elimination Urine forms in the nephrons Passes from collecting ducts through openings in the renal papillae and enters calyces of the kidney It passes through the renal pelvis and a ureter conveys it to the urinary bladder The urethra excretes urine to the outside

Diseases Kidney Disease Urinary Tract Infection Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Stones Bladder Cancer

Work Cited Zimmermann, By. "Urinary System: Facts, Functions & Diseases." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 15 Jan. 2015. Web. 17 Apr. 2015. "Urinary System." InnerBody. Web. 17 Apr. 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/ab/m2/s3/ https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/the-urinary-system-25/physiology-of-the-kidneys-240/overview-of-urine-formation-steps-1171-2197/ http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/kidney http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/ http://www.google.com/search?safe=active&biw=1366&bih=674&noj=1&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=kidney+&oq=kidney+&gs_l=img.12 http://www.google.com/search?safe=active&biw=1366&bih=674&noj=1&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=bladder&oq=bladd&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.1127.3374.0.5066.6.6.0.0.0.0.144.720.0j6.6.0.msedr...0...1c.1.64.img..0.6.713.Q_hgzelqhH8#imgrc=ADFh4j4uuvfkCM

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