Ancient Egypt Ms. Orville

Vocabulary Afterlife- an existence after death Artisan- a person skilled in crafts such as carving or tool making Cataract- a large waterfall or rapids Delta- a triangular or fan-shaped piece of land made by deposits of mud and sand at the mouth of a river Dynasty- a line of rulers from the same family or the period during which they rule Economy- related to activities such as the production of goods and services in a particular region Hieroglyphics- ancient Egyptian written language Mummy- the body of a person that was preserved after death Silt- a deposit of rich soil, sand, and mud along a river Nilometer- staircase, or a simple stone/other surface, to record the height of the Nile flood

Youtube-

Nilometers

Natural Resources

Mines

Egyptian Scribe

N DO: Translate the ancient code into W English! BK IZPV XNV LMMNB VWK DMNDH LXT VWK DLMKXTLJ VN SMRXT ZP VN VWK ULDV VWLV KLDW INIKXV NU MRUK RP L IRJLDMK LXT IQPVKJQ. -- W. A. BHIIP

Translating the Rosetta Stone Agua מ'ם http://www.discoveringegypt.com/hier oglyphic-typewriter.html

Clues to solve the puzzle B=W A=G K=E

Ancient Egyptian Rulers Pharaohs: Egyptian Kings had absolute power Whatever they decided became law Were religious leaders and considers to be gods 31 Dynasties from 3100-322 BCE Dynasty- a series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group

Social ‘pyramid’

Ancient Egyptian Culture The Egyptian social order resembled a pyramid with the pharaoh at the top The peasants (largest class) at the bottom A person could rise to a higher class (social mobility) Slaves- prisoners of war Considered property more than human Egyptian women had many rights: could own property, run businesses, enter into legal contracts

Science and Medicine Egyptians studied the stars and practiced medicine Astronomers- scientists who study the stars and other objects in the sky Medicine: used herbalism- practice of creating medicines from plants

Pharaoh’s Tombs Pharaohs began the long, difficult process of building their tombs as soon as they came to power Pyramid- huge buildings with four sloping triangle- shaped sides Giza- location of important pyramids Could take 20 years to build by slaves and other workers http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=building+the+pyramids+of+ancient+egypt&FORM =HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=060FBF1F9076037813DD060FBF1F9076037813DD

Pyramids Khufu Giza

Mastaba (eternal house) Early Pyramids Step pyramid Mastaba (eternal house)

Great Pyramid Tomb for Khufu an almost perfect square (deviation .05%) Orientation is exactly North, South, East West 2,300,000 blocks, 500ft high 20 years to build Average block weighs 2.5 tons Some weighed 9 tons!

Monuments Washington Monument, Washington D.C. Eiffel tower: Paris, France

Pearl Harbor Memorial

Tears of the Arizona

The Kingdoms Middle Kingdom Egypt reunited Pharaohs used Egypt’s wealth on public works, instead of wars New Kingdom Pharaohs built large armies, which made the Egyptians nearly unbeatable Ramses I-XII rule Egypt It is during this time that Moses leads Jews out of Egypt

Pharaoh Pharaoh was believed by the Egyptians to be the supreme ruler chosen by the gods to lead his people. They believed that when a man became a pharaoh, he also became a god. To keep the bloodline of the gods pure, pharaohs often married their sisters, mothers, and cousins.

Rulers Ancient Egypt prospered during three major time periods (kingdoms) Old Kingdom Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt: well run government Traded with Nubia for timber At the end of the Old Kingdom Egypt’s unity crumbled and the dynasties grew weak

Famous Ancient Egyptian Rulers Menes Legendary founder of the first Egyptian dynasty unified Upper and Lower Egypt Founded capital of Memphis King Tut (Tutankhamun) Became ruler when he was a child and died at around age 18 His tomb was discovered in 1922 completely intact Buried with many possessions

King Tut’s tomb

Thutmose III Ancient Egyptian Rulers One of the greatest pharaohs Expanded empire to include Syria and Nubia Treated defeated people well Tomb was in the valley of the kings

Hatshepsut- Pharaoh Queen Regent- someone who rules for a child until the child is old enough to rule was regent for Tuhtmose III -> proclaimed herself as pharaoh Achieved economic success [trade] Built many temples Hatshepsut: only woman Pharaoh

Cleopatra “Queen of Egypt” Last Macedonian to rule Egypt Official end to the New Kingdom

Religion Osiris Egyptian Gods and Goddesses Deeply religious and polytheistic believed in many gods and goddesses Believed that their gods controlled life, death, and all of nature Amon-Re :chief god of creation Osiris: god of afterlife Osiris

Burial rituals

Belief in Afterlife Not known when it started in Egypt Egyptians carefully prepared their dead for afterlife- to ensure immortality Mummy- preserved body of a dead person Believed the soul would leave the mummy but return to it to receive food Mummification- expensive and took 2-3 months Organs removed Put into jars Decorated coffins Not known when it started in Egypt Perfected by time of New Kingdom

How to make a mummy: 70 steps 1) Removal of the brain through the nostrils 2) Removal of the intestines through an incision in the side 3) Sterilization of the body and intestines 4) Treating, cleaning, dehydrating the intestines 5) Packing the body with natron (a natural dehydrating agent) and leaving for 40 days 6) Removal of the natron agent 7) Packing the limbs with clay or sand 8) Packing the body with linen (soaked in resin), myrrh and cinnamon 9) Treating the body with ointments and finally wrapping with a fine linen gauze, not less than 1000 square yards .

Canopic Jars made of alabaster for storage of brain, stomach, intestines and liver

Funerary Gifts model boat Gift bearers

Ancient Gods & Goddesses

Gods & Goddesses Isis Powerful goddess She used powerful magic spells to help people in need Isis was the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus. Isis

Gods Horus Horus: god of balance and harmony Animal symbol: hawk maintained the natural order: the flow of the Nile and the fertility of the soil. Horus

Amun/Re Anubis Sun god Most powerful god in Egypt Animal symbol: Ram Wears crown with two plumes god of embalming the dead (mummification process) Watched over the dead Animal symbol: jackal