TEACHING APPROACH: LITERATURE DR.HUSNIAH SAHAMID UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

Teaching Approach Moody (1983: 23) to "provide a framework, or sequence of operations to be used when we come to actualities” each approach has its own target or aim. Read more:

Differing Philosophies Richards and Rodgers (1986) different philosophies at level of approach reflected through different types of activities in different uses for activity types.

Importance acquainted with variety of approaches, techniques, activities stimulate and develop students' interest knowledge of literature

Approaches: variety Variety of approaches Overlapping Different names , almost similar approach Selected approaches for discussion Do own readings, references !

Teaching approaches : selected 1. skills based approach 2. information-based approach 3. language-based approach 4. personal response approach, 5. paraphrastic approach, 6. moral-philosophical approach 7. stylistics approach

Literature in the Classroom Regard inappropriate to the language classroom Separation: - study of language & study of literature,  integrated approach to teaching literature in the language classroom

1. Skills Based Approach Purpose(s) for reading gain information verify existing knowledge critique a writer's ideas or writing style. Enjoyment enhance knowledge language being read.

Purpose of Reading determines the approach to reading comprehension text :letters, words, sentences, paragraphs - encode meaning. AND Reader uses knowledge, skills, and strategies to determine what that meaning is.

Reading Resilience Develop skill of reading resilience: ability to read and interpret complex and demanding literary texts.

Decoding Skills automatic word recognition dependent on phonic knowledge allows reader to attend to meaning SO slow, belabored decoding overloads short-term memory and impedes comprehension.

Skills Based Approach Reading skills: decoding, understanding Hierarchy of Reading tasks (Later: Barrets Taxonomy)

Encoding Skills Writing tasks Reading, writing connections

Skills - based approach Peceptual skills Recognise Identify

Activities Keep a reading journal use to map: reflections, improve reading practices and skills understanding of reading text

2. information-based approach teaching knowledge about literature source of information examine history, historical background characteristics of literary movements

3. Language based approach Incorporate language and literature syllabus by studying the language.

4 Personal response approach (Thematic approach) Encourages learners’ active involvement emotionally, intellectually, draw own experiences, feelings, opinions also known as Thematic approach texts chosen according to same theme compare to learner

5. Paraphrastic approach surface meaning of text paraphrase , re-word the story in simpler language translating it into another language beginners of target language

6. moral-philosophical approach read a particular literary text search for moral values awareness of values assist students to understand themes in future readings.

7. Stylistics Approach closer understanding ,appreciation of literary text combination of linguistic analysis and literary critic (Lazar, 1993)

interpretation make meaningful interpretations Beyond surface meaning An example of an activity?

Example: activity Look at a text closely Mark certain linguistic features students to look at language features extracting possible clues contribute to meaning, interpretation of the text (Carter, 1996).

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