Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies Part I Pg
Plymouth A group of Separatists set sail for the Americas. Arrived in New England in Approximately 102 settlers. No legal claim to the land.
Mayflower Compact Agreement made for a crude government in Plymouth. Each member required to submit to the will of the majority.
Plymouth , first winter, only 44 of the original 102 survived. William Bradford made governor.
Massachusetts Bay Colony Non-Separatist Puritans gain a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company. 1,000 settlers. “Great Migration” 75,000 refugees left England – not all were Puritans, only 14,000 came to Massachusetts.
Massachusetts Bay Colony John Winthrop – first governor, serves 19 years. Mass. Bay prospers with fishing, fur trading, and shipbuilding. Religion plays a major role in the formation of the colony.
Massachusetts Bay Colony Many Puritan colonists felt they were a model society. People who didn’t belong to the Congregational Church couldn’t vote, neither could women. Often referred to as the Bible Commonwealth.
Rhode Island 1636 – Roger Williams – flees Massachusetts Bay Colony. Established a settlement which tolerated all religions. Secured a charter in 1644.
Connecticut 1635 – Hartford is founded – the Fundamental Orders is created. Established a government controlled substantially by the citizens – New Haven, theocracy, merges into Connecticut in 1662.
New Hampshire 1679 – becomes a royal colony.
Puritan-Indian Relations Originally peaceful Wampanoag Indian chief Massasoit signed a treaty with the Pilgrims in – The Pequot War (Mystic River, CT) The English/Narragansetts set fire to the homes of the Pequots. Shot at anyone who fled.
Puritan-Indian Relations Results in 40 years of uneasy peace between settlers and Indians – King Philip’s War (Metacom – Massasoit’s son). Formed an alliance with other tribes and attacked New England towns.
Puritan-Indian Relations 52 Puritan towns had been attacked and 12 destroyed – was ends, Metacom is killed his wife and son are sold into slavery. Result – Indians never again able to threaten New England colonists.
Colonial Unity 1643 – New England Confederation Defense – Indians, French, Dutch. Inter-colonial problems (runaway slaves or criminals). Each member colony had two votes.
Colonial Unity Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, valley settlements – New Haven. First example of colonial unity – Massachusetts Bay Colony charter revoked – Dominion of New England is created.
Dominion of New England Imposed from London. Best defense of the region against Indian attacks. Also designed to promote the English Navigation Laws. Leader – Sir Edmond Andros – openly affiliated with the Church of England.
Dominion of New England Limited town meetings. Restricted the courts, press and the schools. Revoked land titles. Taxed people without the consent of their representatives. Worked to enforce the Navigation Laws.
Dominion of New England Finally collapses with the Glorious Revolution in England – Massachusetts is made a royal colony.