IWD2243 Wireless & Mobile Security Chapter 5 : Wireless Embedded System Security Prepared by : Zuraidy Adnan, FITM UNISEL1

5.1 Wireless Technologies Prepared by : Zuraidy Adnan, FITM UNISEL2  Wi Fi, cellular technologies, ZigBee, Bluetooth.  Cellular communications – most recognizable form of wireless technologies.  See figure 23.1 : Comparison of Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Cellular GSM, page 603.  Most of the Wireless Embedded technologies has been describe before as the following :-  WiFi & cellular technologies – Chapter 2, Security in TWN  Bluetooth – Chapter 4, Security in wireless ad hoc network.

5.2 ZigBee Prepared by : Zuraidy Adnan, FITM UNISEL3  Designed around IEEE low-power radio standard.  Aims to be the go-to standard for industrial wireless communication where troughput is less of an issue, and flexibility, power consumption, and cost are primary concern.  See figure 23.3 : Throughput comparison, page 611  Develop and maintained by ZigBee Alliance  ZigBee Alliance is a consortium of corporations that all utilize the protocol

5.2 ZigBee Prepared by : Zuraidy Adnan, FITM UNISEL4  Low power consumption, low system resource requirements, and low throughput.  The bandwidth of ZigBee is comparable to dial up modem (up to 250KB/s).  ZigBee may seem very similar to Bluetooth  Primarily concerned with the flexibility of the network, support several network topologies that increase reliability of the entire network.  Geared toward industrial automation (industrial standard)

5.2 ZigBee Prepared by : Zuraidy Adnan, FITM UNISEL5  Security in ZigBee  Self healing mesh network  Allows for thousand of nodes to be included in a single network (PAN)  Supports several different network topologies, including mesh and clusters.  See figure 23.4 : ZigBee topologies, page 612  Self healing network – the network is resilient and can deal with nodes coming in and out of the network, in a noisy (RF noise) industrial environment.  Self healing property make redundancy very easy to implement.

5.2 ZigBee Prepared by : Zuraidy Adnan, FITM UNISEL6  Security in ZigBee (cont.)  Ex. – Attacker taking out nodes in a sensor network to prevent certain information to be collected.  In WiFi network, once a node is dropped, it must reestablish the connection, including any authentication required.  In ZigBee network, there can be many more nodes, and if any nodes are dropped due to tampering, the network continue to function.  Variety of network topology supported, different security considerations.  Ad hoc peer-to-peer topologies, all nodes are considered equal.

5.2 ZigBee Prepared by : Zuraidy Adnan, FITM UNISEL7  Security in ZigBee (cont.)  Star & Tree topologies – there must be a coordinator that facilitates the network.  ZigBee nodes can also function as routers, directing communications between nodes that may not be able to communicates directly  Provides low level security for communications between individual nodes using AES and message authentication code scheme.