Present Tense and Imperatives of Verbs

Present Tense Present tense shows action is occurring right now Present tense shows action is occurring right now It can have three possible translations: It can have three possible translations: –Progressive = “I am walking” –Simple = “I walk” –Emphatic = “I do walk” There are 6 forms of present tense verbs (2 numbers X 3 persons = 6; not including the dual number) There are 6 forms of present tense verbs (2 numbers X 3 persons = 6; not including the dual number)

Forms of the Present Tense We will work with the w- conjugation, active voice, present tense We will work with the w- conjugation, active voice, present tense Take the infinitive paideÚein and remove the – ein Take the infinitive paideÚein and remove the – ein That leaves you with paideÚ, the STEM That leaves you with paideÚ, the STEM Add endings to the stem to change the person and number of the verb Add endings to the stem to change the person and number of the verb

Present Tense - Conjugated SingularPlural 1 st Person paideÚ w I teach paideÚ omen We teach 2 nd Person paideÚ eij You teach paideÚ ete You teach 3 rd Person paideÚ ei She teaches paideÚ ousi(n) They teach

Present Tense Endings SingularPlural 1 st Person women 2 nd Person eijete 3 rd Person eiousi(n)* n n *The n at the end of the 3 rd person plural is called n -movable; it is added when the word that follows begins with a vowel OR if the 3 rd person plural is the last word in the sentence.

Present Active Imperative FormTranslationEnding Singular 2 nd Person paideÚeTeach!e 3 rd Person paideuštw Let him teach! etw Plural 2 nd Person paideÚeteTeach!ete 3 rd Person paideuÒntw n Let them teach! ontwn

Negation To tell someone NOT to do something with the Imperative, use m» To tell someone NOT to do something with the Imperative, use m» To make a present tense, active voice verb into a negative, use oÙ To make a present tense, active voice verb into a negative, use oÙ oÙ is proclitic – it leans ahead to the next word for its accent oÙ is proclitic – it leans ahead to the next word for its accent Before a smooth breathing oÙ becomes oÙk ; before a rough breathing oÙ becomes oÙc Before a smooth breathing oÙ becomes oÙk ; before a rough breathing oÙ becomes oÙc

w Verbs How do you know if you are working with the w- conjugation? How do you know if you are working with the w- conjugation? Look at the principal parts Look at the principal parts The first principal part listed is the present tense, active voice, indicative mood form The first principal part listed is the present tense, active voice, indicative mood form If it ends in just w, then you can use the verb endings you just learned with that verb If it ends in just w, then you can use the verb endings you just learned with that verb Luw, lusw, elusa, leluka, lelumai, eluqhn Luw, lusw, elusa, leluka, lelumai, eluqhn Tiqhmi, qhsw, eqhka, teqhka, teqeimai Tiqhmi, qhsw, eqhka, teqhka, teqeimai