Covalent Bonding Formulas & Names (including Acids) Chem-To-Go Lesson 16 Unit 4

What is a covalent bond? Covalent Bond = a nonmetal atom shares valence electrons with another nonmetal atom; both atoms achieve stability We’ll learn to: Name covalent compounds Write formulas for covalent compounds Draw Lewis structures Analyze Lewis structures to predict properties

Important prefixes Mono Hexa Di Hepta Tri Octa Tetra Nona Penta Deca

Writing formulas Use the prefixes to determine subscripts for each element. NO IONS, THEREFORE NO CRISS-CROSSING! EXAMPLE 1: phosphorus trioxide EXAMPLE 2: dinitrogen trioxide EXAMPLE 3: tricarbon octahydride

Writing Names Use the prefixes to determine subscripts for each element. NO IONS, THEREFORE NO CRISS-CROSSING! EXAMPLE 1: N2O5 EXAMPLE 2: CF4 EXAMPLE 3: P2O6

Special type of covalent compound: Acids Acid = compound that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water How to Recognize Acids: Find H at the front of the chemical formula. Examples of Acids: H2SO4 HCl HNO3 HBr

Two types of ACids Binary Acids Oxyacids Contain H bonded to ONE other element Writing Names Hydro + root + ic acid Ex. HCl = hydrochloric acid Ex. H2S = hydrosulfuric acid Ex. HI = hydroiodic acid Contain H bonded to a POLYATOMIC ION Writing Names IF –ATE ion: root + ic acid Ex. HNO3 = nitric acid Ex. H2SO4 = sulfuric acid IF –ITE ion: root + ous acid Ex. HNO2 = nitrous acid Ex. H2SO3 = sulfurous acid

Criss-cross the ion charges as if the compound was ionic Formulas of ACids Binary Acids Oxyacids Criss-cross the ion charges as if the compound was ionic Example: hydronitric acid “Yes hydro, No polyatomic” Example: chlorous acid “No hydro, Yes polyatomic”