Food Safety and Personal Hygiene

Learning objectives: After completing this session, the participant will be able to: *Identify foods most likely to become contaminated *Explain the difference between clean and sanitized *Verbalize and demonstrate proper hand washing techniques *Explain the importance of controlling time and temperature *State how food becomes contaminated *Name 1 factor needed for bacteria to grow

Food Safety: Importance of food safety: *Serving safe food is important for health as well as financial reasons *Food safety directly affects you, your co-workers, your customers, and the food service operation itself *Although serving safe food takes a little extra time and effort, it is part of being a professional

Food Safety: Foodborne Illness: *Foodborne illness is a disease that is carried or transmitted to human beings by food *Foodborne illness may be caused by microorganisms, which are tiny, single-celled organisms, such as bacteria *Under the proper conditions, bacteria can grow, divide, and multiply enough to make people sick. This means that the food is contaminated *Allowing food to remain in the temperature danger zone, 40 degrees F-140 degrees F (4.4 degrees C-60 degrees C) for 4 hours or more provides conditions favorable for growth of bacteria and cause illness.

Food most likely to become contaminated: *Moist, high protein foods on which bacteria can grow most easily are classified as Potentially Hazardous Foods *The four categories of potentially hazardous foods are: fresh meat, such as beef or pork; poultry, such as chicken or turkey; seafood or fish; and dairy products, such as milk and cheese

How food becomes unsafe: *Contamination is the unintended presence of harmful substances or microorganisms in food. There are three main types of hazards Biological Hazards: Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Contamination by bacteria is the greatest threat to food safety. Chemical Hazards: Pesticides, food additives, cleaning supplies Physical Hazards: Foreign matter such as dirt, broken glass and crockery, and other objects that accidentally get into food.

Cross-contamination occurs when: Cross-contamination is the transfer of harmful substances or micro-organisms to food. Cross-contamination occurs when: 1. Hands touch raw foods and then touch cooked or ready-to-eat foods 2. Food-contact surfaces touch raw foods, are not cleaned and sanitized, and the touch food that is ready-to-eat 3. Cleaning clothes and sponges touch raw food, equipment, or utensils; are not cleaned and santizized; and are then used on surfaces, equipment, and utensils, for ready- to-eat foods 4. Raw or contaminated foods that touch or drip fluids on cooked or ready-to-eat foods .

Clean vs. Sanitary *Clean means free of visible soil *Sanitary means free of harmful levels of disease causing micro-organisms and other harmful contaminants *Sanitation is the creation and maintenance of healthful or hygienic conditions *Sanitization is the use of heat or chemicals to destroy 99.999% of the disease causing micro-organisms on a food contact surface

Potentially Hazardous foods:

Factors most often named in Foodborne Outbreaks: * Failure to properly cool food. This is the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks *Failure to thoroughly heat or cook food to a temperature which kills bacteria *Infected employees who practice poor personal hygiene at home and at work *Preparing food a day or more in advance of being served *Raw food is mixed with food that has already been cooked *Allowing foods to stay for too long at temperatures that favor bacterial growth * Failure to reheat cooked foods to temperatures that kill bacteria *Cross-contamination of cooked food by raw food *Inadequate cleaning of equipment

Types of Foodborne Illness: Salmonella: Symptoms- Abdominal pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea Source- Domestic and wild animals, also human beings Food involved- Poultry and poultry salads, meat and meat products, milk, shell eggs, and other protein foods

Types of Foodborne Illness: Shigella: Symptoms- Fever, chills, diarrhea, and dehydration Source- Human beings (intestinal tract), flies Food Involved- Potatoes, tuna, shrimp, turkey, and macaroni salad, lettuce Staphylococcus: Symptoms- Nausea, vomiting, dehyrdration Source- Human beings (skin, nose, throat, infected sores), also animals

Types of Foodborne Illness: E. coli: Symptoms- Diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting occasional fever Source- Animals, particularly cattle, human beings (intestinal tract) Food involved- Raw and undercooked ground beef and other red meats, imported cheese, unpasteurized milk

Hepatitis A is a contagious viral disease, which causes inflammation of the liver. These microorganisms contaminate food through poor personal hygiene by food handlers, contaminated water supplies, or shellfish taken from sewage-contaminated water. The best defense against foodborne viruses is to use good personal hygiene

Personal Hygiene: *Personal hygiene is the way a person maintains their health, appearance, and cleanliness *Good personal hygiene can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases and foodborne illness *Frequent and thorough hand washing is the most critical aspect of personal cleanliness. Dirty hands and fingernails can contaminate food products ALWAYS WASH YOUR HANDS BEFORE: *beginning work *Putting on a new pair of gloves

ALWAYS WASH YOUR HANDS AFTER: *Using the restroom *Handling raw foods *Touching your hair, face, or body *Eating or drinking *Sneezing or coughing *Cleaning *Taking out the garbage *Touching anything that may contaminate your hands

GOOD PERSONAL HYGIENE ALSO INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING: *Keep nails short and clean *Cover all cuts and sores with bandages and plastic gloves *Wash your hands before putting on gloves and changing gloves *Wash your hair and bathe daily *Wear a clean uniform and apron. Work clothes should be worn only on the job, not for personal use *Wear hair restraints *Do not wear excessive jewelry to work. It is hard to clean. It can also fall off and get lost in food.

Personal hygiene and food safety quiz: 1. True or False: Foodborne illness is a disease that is carried or transmitted to human beings by food 2. True or False: Clean and sanitary mean the same thing 3. True or False: Raw food should never be mixed with food that has already been cooked

CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER 4. Sanitary means: A. Free of visible soil B. Coated with disinfectant C. Washed by a chemical solution D. Free of harmful levels of contamination 5. Personal hygiene is A. The spread of bacteria B. Reporting an illness to your supervisor C. The way a person maintains their health, appearance, and cleanliness D. Using a hand sanitizer

TRUE OR FALSE: 6. You do have to wash your hands before putting on a pair of gloves 7. The temperature danger zone for potentially hazardous foods is 40 degrees F-120 degrees F CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER 8. When a person washes their hands they should also wash their: A. Gloves B. Elbows C. Face D Lower arms up to the elbows

9. Name 2 illnesses employees MUST report to their supervisors 10. List 3 examples of when an employee should wash their hands