Infectious Disease Chapter 28 Lessons 1-3 Group 9 By: Doug Pokorny, Ashley Trammell, Joseph Javier, Jacqueline Smith, Ryan Johnson

Who we are Presenting to Age: 6 th Grade Students Sex: Equal boys and girls Socioeconomic status: Primarily white middle class with other students from mixed backgrounds

Objectives Define infectious disease How are infectious diseases spread? How does your body fight disease? Immunization Common infectious diseases Common sense

You will be able to… Define the term infectious disease List 3 common modes of disease transmission Recognize situations in which disease transmission is likely to occur

You will be able to… Name 1 way to help keep your immune system response high List 2 differences between active and passive immunization List 2 differences between nonspecific and specific resistance.

Why we are here Infectious disease is something that everyone comes in contact with. We need to know how to protect ourselves and those around us!

What is an infectious disease? An infectious disease is a disease caused by organisms that enter and multiply within the human body

What is an infectious disease? These microorganisms are also known as pathogens pathogens are bacteria, viruses, rickettsias, protozoans, and fungi They are so small, you can not see them with the naked eye

How infectious diseases spread Direct and Indirect methods from: humans to humans animals to humans plants to humans

Human to Human Direct o Sneezing o Coughing o Touching o Mother to unborn baby Indirect o Touching something that is infected o Drinking after someone with an infectious disease

Animal to Human Direct o Eating animals o Bugs biting you o Getting scratched by an animal o Getting Stung Indirect o Petting animals then touching your mucous membrane o Drinking water after an infectious animal

Plant to Animal Eating unwashed fruits and vegetables Touching fruits then putting your fingers in your eyes or mouth

Ways To Avoid Spreading Disease Wash You Hands a lot Cover your mouth with a tissue when you sneeze or cough Don’t let people drink after you Keep your fluids to yourself

Ways To Avoid Catching An Infectious Disease Wash your hands Protect yourself against bugs Wash fruits and vegetables before you eat them Do not drink or eat after anyone Don’t eat undercooked meat or eggs

Wash Your Hands!

Your Body How does your body fight off infectious disease?

Immune Response Nonspecific Resistance External-skin & mucous membranes Internal-inflammation, interferon, natural killer cells,

Immune Response Specific Resistance –Lymphocytes Memory Cells Effector Cells B-Cells Antibodies

Immune Response Specific Resistance –Cell Immunity T-Cells Helper T-Cell Activation Cytotoxic T-Cell Activation

Taking Care of Your Immune System Good Nutrition –Wash food –Refrigerate foods that spoil –Take Vitamins –Eat healthy Immunization

What is Immunization? –Help for the body’s defense system There are 2 types –Passive –Active

Passive Immunization Immediate protection Short lived Blood with antibodies taken from host

Active Immunization Known as vaccination Causes antibodies but not disease Two main types –Live-virus –Killed-virus

Live-Virus Vaccines Contain living viruses Genetically weakened Weakened through animal filtering

Killed-Virus Vaccines Contained killed viruses Less powerful Booster shots Typhoid fever, Cholera, Rabies

Immunization Importance State by state law Needed for work and school Diseases still there

Common Infectious Diseases The common cold Influenza Strep throat Mononucleosis Can you list more?

Symptoms of the Common Cold The Common Cold –Mucous buildup making it hard to breathe –Swelling of sinuses –Sneezing –Sore throat –Coughing –Headache

Symptoms of Influenza (Flu) –Respiratory Tract Infection –Chills –Fever –Headache & muscle ache –Weakness –Dry throat –Fever ( degrees F)

Symptoms of Strep Throat “Strep” –Fever –Enlarged lymph nodes –Pain when swallowing –Malaise (feeling sick) –Headache –Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain in children

Symptoms of Mononucleosis “Mono” –Fever –Sore throat –Enlarged lymph nodes –Drowsiness –Loss of appetite –Muscle aches –Enlarged Spleen

Common Sense Keep your body healthy Store and prepare food safely Avoid sharing food Treat illnesses and cover mouth when sneeze Throw tissues in trash can Shower every day

Common Sense When I cough or go kerchoo, This is what I always do. I cover my mouth with a tissue, So my germs won't get on you!

Disease will still spread No matter how many precautions you take, you can still get a disease. Its not your fault!

The End! Check Or contact Gainesville’s Health Department at (352) For more information!