Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Development Harry Anthony Patrinos World Bank March 2013

Motivation Research for Latin America: –Higher poverty rates among indigenous –Little to no improvement in incomes –Improved social indicators No comparative work in other regions Request by UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

Cannot Ignore Indigenous Peoples 5% of global population 10% of poor

Indigenous by Country/Region

Part I – Core set of indicators

Income Poverty Results

Latin America – Lack of Progress

Latin America Income Poverty Trends Updated

Mexico

Chile

China Han Minority

India Scheduled Tribes Scheduled Caste Others

Annual Rate of Change

Probability of Being Poor Significantly higher if indigenous, as shown, for example, in Vietnam (2006)

Vietnam: Impact of Shocks Significant dip in years of schooling during the Vietnam War

Policy Implications Indigenous ‘poorest of the poor’ Results from Asia important nuance Indigenous poorer, but not consistent global story Widespread sustained growth brought millions of indigenous out of poverty in Asia

Final Thoughts 1.Do not ignore vulnerable populations 2.Improve the collection & disaggregation of data 3.Development efforts need to include vulnerable groups’ needs 4.Improve knowledge base on what works