51. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal was an attempt by the federal government to solve the economic problems of the Depression.

52. The Social Security Act provided financial assistance for the elderly, the handicapped, and for dependent children in need. The program is still in effect today.

53. The New Deal created jobs programs to employ citizens in government jobs: The Works Progress Administration, the Public Works Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and National Youth Administration just to name a few.

54. The Dust Bowl ruined crops on the Great Plains near Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas, and Kansas.

55. World War II was caused by a many factors:  Worldwide economic depression caused poverty and desperation.  Germany owed billions of dollars to other European nations over World War I, and hyperinflation worsened the economic depression there.  Fascist dictators had risen to power with militarily aggressive plans to conquer territories:  Germany – Adolf Hitler  Italy – Benito Mussolini  Japan – Hideki Tojo The Axis Powers

56. The Allied Powers in World War II:  Democratic Nations – with the exception of the communist Soviet Union.  France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, and many other nations were occupied during the war.  England fought against Germany from 1939 to Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of England.  The Soviet Union fought against Germany after they were invaded by the Soviets in Joseph Stalin was the leader of the nation.  The United States declared war on the Germans in late Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the President from 1941 (the attack of Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941 – April of 1945.) Harry Truman was President of the United States at the end of World War II and chose to use atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan.

57. At the start of World War II, the United States followed an isolationist foreign policy.  Neutrality Acts were passed in the United States to show commitment to the policy of isolationism. Groups like the America First Committee fought against US involvement in Europe.  Economic aid eventually began with the Cash and Carry policy and later the Lend Lease Act. Americans prepared for war with the Selective Service Act as well.  Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt agreed to end dictatorship and fascism in Europe with the Atlantic Charter before the United States even entered the war.

58. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in a surprise attack on December 7, The United States immediately declared war on Japan. Germany declared war on the United States.

59. German aggression had caused World War II to begin in Europe long before the attack on Pearl Harbor.  Germany had taken over the Rhineland, the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, the remainder of Czechoslovakia, and Austria before the invasion of Poland on Sept. 1,  The Soviet Union had signed a non-aggression pact with Germany before the war, and invade the Baltics and Poland, as well.  Eventually, Germany would invade most of the nations in Europe, including Denmark, Belgium, Holland, France, and even the Soviet Union – they betrayed their own agreement.  German planes bombed Great Britain to rubble in the Battle of Britain in  Nevertheless, the United States would not become involved in World War II until the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

60. The turning point in World War II on the Eastern Front was the Battle of Stalingrad, fought in the Soviet Union in Soviet oil reserves there made it an important strategic victory for the USSR..

61. The D-Day invasion was planned out by Dwight David Eisenhower, and was the turning point in World War II on the Western Front of Europe. D-Day was June 6, 1944.

62. The turning point in World War II in the Pacific, against the Japanese, was the Battle of Midway.

63. World War II ended when the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japanese cities: Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9,  V-E day in Europe had been on May 8, 1945, when Soviet soldiers captured Berlin and American and British soldiers took the Western portion of the city.  The nuclear weapons used on Japan in August of 1945 were authorized by President Harry S Truman, who had taken over the Presidency when FDR passed away in April of  The Japanese formally surrendered to the United States on September 2, 1945 on board the USS Missouri, at anchor in Tokyo Harbor.

64. During the Holocaust, Nazi Germany imprisoned and systematically murdered over six million Jewish people and close to thirteen million people overall in death camps. The anti-Semitism which existed throughout Europe made Nazi sympathizers and war criminals of those who cooperated in Hitler’s “Final Solution.” Dozens were put to death for crimes against humanity during the Nuremburg trials after World War II.

65. The Great Depression came to an end during World War II thanks to all of the factory jobs which opened up in the United States. Both women and minority groups were sought after to work in the war munitions plants during World War II. Rosie the Riveter African- Americans

66. Americans on the Homefront rationed food and resources to support the war effort during World War II (and had done so in World War I, as well!)

67. Japanese Americans were forced to give up their property and possessions and required to live in relocation camps during World War II.

68. The United States feared that the Soviet Union would attempt to control all of Europe following World War II, and put the Marshall Plan into place to help to rebuild nations committed to democracy and capitalism.

69. Germany was divided following World War II into democratic and capitalist West Germany and communist East Germany. Similarly, the city of Berlin was divided into West Berlin and East Berlin.

70. The United Nations was created following World War II in order to preserve peace in the future. The UN Charter was signed in San Francisco following the war; the United Nations is located in New York City.

71. After World War II, soldiers came home to a prosperous nations thanks to the GI Bill, the boom in housing construction, and the conversion of the economy from war production to the production of consumer goods.  The GI Bill of Rights provided free college education to soldiers and low interest loans for houses, among other things.  The housing construction business was extremely prosperous – in fact, homes were mass produced in “Levittowns” – which used assembly line methods to construct high- quality, low-cost houses.  The war time economy was rapidly transformed, and factories which had once made war supplies quickly began to make consumer goods.

72. The Baby Boom resulted in an huge increase in population following World War II – and stimulated the economy as families sought to purchase goods for their children!

73. By executive order, President Harry S Truman desegregated the Armed Forces of the United States in 1948.

74. The Cold War was a war of ideas and philosophies – without direct violent conflict - between the United States and the Soviet Union. During the Cold War, much of the world was divided into two camps.  During the Cold War, the United States was devoted to democracy, individual rights, and capitalism.  The Soviet Union was committed to communism and a “dictatorship of the proletariat.”  The Soviet Union controlled the nations of Eastern Europe with an iron fist; the United States attempted to stop the spread of communism in Europe by a policy of containment.

75. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created in 1949 as a collective security alliance against threats from the Soviet Union.